Domain 2: Client Assessment Flashcards
Chapters 1, 2 16% of Written Exam
CRF
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
FITT for avoidance of disease
F: 5 days/week
I: Moderate
T: 0.5 hours per day
T: Walk ~6-12 miles per week
FITT
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
FITT for Fitness
F: 3-4 days/week
I: Vigorous/hard
T: 0.5-0.75 hours per day
T: Jog ~10 mi per wk
FITT for Performance
F: 7 days/week
I: Very Hard
T: 2 hours per day
T: Run ~100 mi per week
Health
the state of complete physical, mental, social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Factors Affecting Health and Disease
Major Risk Factor Categories
Inherited/Biological
Environmental
Behavioral
Inherited/Biological Factors Affecting Health and Disease
Age
Gender/Sex
Race
Genetic susceptibility to disease (Genetics)
Positive health
Associated with capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenges
Negative Health
Associated with morbidity (incidence of disease) and premature mortality
USA five leading causes of death
Heart Disease Cancer Lower respiratory disease (e.g COPD) Stroke Accidents
Environmental Factors Affecting Health and Disease
Physical
Socioeconomic
Family
Behavioral Factors Affecting Health and Disease
Smoking Inactivity/poor Nutrition Drinking Alcohol Overuse of medications Fast Driving / no seat belt Pressure to succeed (stress)
Physical Activity
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure. It is associated with occupation, leisure time, household chores, and sport
Exercise
A subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has the objective of improving or maintaining physical fitness
Physical Fitness
A set of health or skill-related attributes that can be measured by specific tests
Health Related Fitness
muscular strength and endurance, CRF, flexibility, and body composition (relative leanness)
Skill-Related / Performance-Related fitness
Agility, balance, coordination, speed, power, and reaction time that are linked to games, sport, dance and other activities
Absolute Intensity
Describes the rate of work (i.e. how much energy is expended per minute) and can be expressed by:
Kilocalories of energy produced / min (kcal/min)
Milliliters of oxygen consumed per kg of body weight per minute (mL O2/kg/min)
Metabolic Equivalents (METS) where 1 MET is taken at RMR and is equal to 3.5 mL/kg/min and exercise intensity is given as a multiple of MET (e.g. 3 METS, 6 METS)
Relative Intensity
Describes the degree of effort requried to expend energy and is influced by CRF or maximal aerobic power.
A person with a CRF of 10 METS who is working at 6 METS is at a relative intensity of 60% VO2 max (6/10x100= 60%)
Moderate Intensity
An absolute intensity of 3 TO 5.9 METS and a relative intensity of 40-59% VO2max
Vigorous Intensity
An absolute intensity of 6 OR MORE METS and a relative intensity of 60 TO 84% VO2max
Tends to produce better results for reducing risk factors in most individuals
Improves BG, yields higher CRF values than moderate exercise
Not considered safe/appropriate for all clients
Frequency
Refers to the number of days per week physical activity is done
Duration
Refers to the amount of time (minutes, hours)a physical activity is done)
Volume
The total amount of energy expended or work accomplished in an activity, and it is equal to the product of absolute intensity, frequency and time:
10 METS x 3 days/week x 20 min/day = 600 MET-min/week
5 kcal/min x 20 min per day x 3 days/week = 300 kcal/week
Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Reduces risk of heart disease
Lowers BP
Improves lipid profile (cholesterol, TG)
Improves CRF
Effects of Physical Activity on Metabolic Health
Reduces risk of T2DM
Helps control BG in those with T2DM
Effects of Physical Activity on Musculoskeletal health
Increased Bone Density
Increased muscle mass and strength
Improves pain mgmt for RA/OA
Effects of Physical Activity on Cancer
Reduce risk of breast, colon, lung and endometrial cancer
Effects of Physical Activity on Mental Health
Reduces risk of depression and cognitive decline
ACSM/AHA Guidelines for PHYSICAL ACTIVITY to reduce risk of chronic disease
30- 60minutes of MODERATE INTENSITY activity 5 DAYS PER WEEK (>= 150 min/week)
20-60 minutes of VIGOROUS INTENSITY activity 3 DAYS PER WEEK (>=75 min/week)
OR
a combination of both
More is better
ACSM/AHA Guidelines for STREGTH TRAINING
Perform 8-10 exercises for the major muscle groups (legs, hips, back, chest, shoulders, arms)
Select a resistance that produces muscular fatigue after 8-12 reps
One set is sufficient, although more gains can be achieved with 2-3 sets
Participate in resistance training activities at least 2 non-consecutive days per week
Effect of Fitness and Fatness on CVD risk
PA yields improved health benefits regardless of body weight
BW s/b a secondary concern. Primary concern should include the establishment of PA
Basic level of Performance (Functional Fitness)
Completing Daily Tasks Efficiently CRF Musclular strength and endurance Flexibility Body Leanness Task-Specific Needs
Sport-Related Performance
Agility Balance Coordination Power Speed
Purpose of Pre-Activity Screening
Identification of High Risk Participants
Determine who should seek medical clearance prior to fitness testing or exercise participation
Initiates new participants
Provides a forum too build rapport and trust
Provides the trainer with information and tools for exercise Rx and programming
The first step in a fitness professionals health risk appraisal of exercise participants
Pre-participation Screening
MR. PLEASE
MR. PLEASE
M - Make a classification on current activity level
R - Review medical hx for Cardio, Metabolic or Renal Disease
P - Pertinent signs/symptoms of CV, metabolic or Renal disease
L - Level of desired activity intensity
E - Establish if medical clearance is necessary
A- Administration of fitness tests & eval results
S - Set up of Exercise Rx
E - Evaluation of progress with follow-up tests
PAR-Q+
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (+)
Self administered evaluation that helps an individual determine whether they should seek a physician’s clearance before beginning a low-to-moderate intensity exercise program
Consists of 7 questions, and 10 follow up questions for anyone that answers yes to any of the 7 primary questions
HSQ
Thorough health analysis administered by a health pro to ID risk factors, lifestyle behaviors, exercise hx, medications, and red flags that may require program modifications of physician’s consent
Includes HIPAA patient release info
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk-Factor Thresholds for Risk Classification
Age: Men >=45, Women >=55
Fam Hx: MI, coronary revascularization or sudden death before age 55 in father/male first-degree relative OR before age 65 in mother/female first-degree relative
Cigarette Smoking: current, quit in last 6 mo, or exposure to second hand
Sedentary Lifestyle
Obesity: BMI >=30 or waist >40” for men, 35” for women
HTN: Systolic >=140 or Diastolic >=90 measured x2
Dyslipidemia: LDL >=130, HDL <40, Total Cholesterol >=200, or on lipid lowering meds
Pre-diabetes: Impaired fasting glucose >=100 mg/dl, impaired OGTT >=140
Risk Factor Stratification: Low Risk
Asymptomatic men and women with <=1 risk factor
Risk Factor Stratification: Moderate Risk
Asymptomatic men and women with >= 2 risk factors
Risk Factor Stratification: High Risk
Men and women with known CVD, Metabolic or Renal disease OR w/ major signs and symptoms of these diseases: Angina SOB Dizziness LOC Edema Heart Palpitations Tachycardia Heart murmur Intermittent Claudication
Purpose of Cardiovascular and Muscular Fitness Assessments
Assess Essential Components of Fitness: Cardiovascular Endurance Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition
