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NASM CPT Exam > Domain 1: Basic & Applied Sciences & Nutritional Concepts > Flashcards

Domain 1: Basic & Applied Sciences & Nutritional Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Division of Peripheral system that serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle; voluntary.

A

Somatic

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2
Q

Division of peripheral nervous system that serves involuntary systems (heart, digestion, etc).

A

Autonomic

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3
Q

Decreases activation of involuntary systems during rest and recovery.

A

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

Increases activation of involuntary systems to prep for activity.

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

Transmits nerve impulses from CNS to effector sites.

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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6
Q

Responds to stimuli; transmits nerve impulses from effector sites to CNS.

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

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7
Q

Sense distortion in body tissues.

A

Mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

Responds to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joints.

A

Joint receptors

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9
Q

Senses changes in muscular tension.

A

Golgi tendon organs (GTO)

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10
Q

Senses changes in muscle length.

A

Muscle spindles

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11
Q

Smaller size; fatigue slowly.

A

Type 1 (slow twitch) muscle tissue

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12
Q

Larger size; quick to produce maximal tension; fatigue quickly.

A

Type 2 (fast twitch) muscle tissue

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13
Q

Chemical messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle.

A

Neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Attach directly to vertebrae.

Consists of: transverse abdominis, internal oblique, multifisus, pelvic floor, diaphragm.

A

Local stabilization system

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15
Q

Attach from pelvis to spine.

Consists of: quadratics lumborum, psoas major, external oblique, recurs abdominis, gluteus medius, adductor complex, portions of internal oblique.

A

Global stabilization system

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16
Q

Attach spine and/or pelvis to extremities.

Consists of: latissimus dorsi, hip flexors, hamstring complex, quadriceps.

A

Movement system

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17
Q

Joint motion.

A

Arthrokinematics

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18
Q

No joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage; little to no movement.

A

Non-synovial joints

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19
Q

Held together by joint capsule and ligaments; associated with movement.

A

Synovial joints

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20
Q

System of glands; secretes hormones to regulate bodily function.

A

Endocrine system

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21
Q

Anabolic hormone; responsible for bodily growth up until puberty.

A

Growth hormone

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22
Q

Regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body.

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary.

A

Cardiac muscle

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24
Q

Smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins.

A

Atria

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25
Q

Gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart.

A

Right atrium

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26
Q

Gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs.

A

Left atrium

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27
Q

Located in the right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart”.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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28
Q

Larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.

A

Ventricles

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29
Q

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

A

Right ventricle

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30
Q

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

A

Left ventricle

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31
Q

Carries blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

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32
Q

Transports blood back to the heart.

A

Veins

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33
Q

Small branches of arteries; end in capillaries.

A

Arterioles

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34
Q

Smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical and water exchange.

A

Capillaries

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35
Q

Very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.

A

Venules

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36
Q

The amount of blood pumped with each contraction.

A

Stroke volume

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37
Q

The rate at which the heart pumps; average untrained adult = 70-80 bpm.

A

Heart rate

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38
Q

Volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate x stroke volume.

A

Cardiac output

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39
Q

Diaphragm, external intercostal are ____________ inspiratory muscles.

40
Q

Scalene, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid are ___________ inspiratory muscles.

41
Q

Cardiorespiratory exercise ________________ cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport & use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax & sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.

42
Q

Cardiorespiratory exercise _____________ resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, risk of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, & diabetes.

43
Q

Energy System

Anaerobic
High-intensity
Lasts 10-15 seconds

44
Q

Energy System

Anaerobic
Moderate-to-high intensity
Up to 30-50 seconds

A

Glycolysis

45
Q

Energy System

Aerobic glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Electron transport chain
Long-term energy

46
Q

Anatomic Locations

Above a point of reference.

47
Q

Anatomic Locations

Below a point of reference

48
Q

Anatomic Locations

Nearest to a point of reference.

49
Q

Anatomic Locations

Farthest from a point of reference.

50
Q

Anatomic Locations

Front of the body.

51
Q

Anatomic Locations

Back of the body.

52
Q

Anatomic Locations

Closer to the middle of the body.

53
Q

Anatomic Locations

Farther from the middle of the body.

54
Q

Anatomic Locations

On the opposite side of the body.

A

Contralateral

55
Q

Anatomic Locations

On the same side of the body.

A

Ipsilateral

56
Q

Moving in the opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force; muscle shortens.

A

Concentric

57
Q

Muscle develops tension while lengthening; decelerates force.

58
Q

Muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force; no change in muscle length.

59
Q

Resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length.

A

Length-tension relationship

60
Q

Muscles working together to produce movement.

A

Force-couple

61
Q

As the velocity of a contraction increases, concentric force decreases and eccentric force increases.

A

Force-velocity curve

62
Q

The ability to produce and reduce force, and stabilize the kinetic chain in all 3 planes of motion.

A

Neuromuscular efficiency

63
Q

Neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract; provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles.

A

Autogenic inhibition

64
Q

Simultaneous contraction of one muscle, and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement.

A

Reciprocal inhibition

65
Q

Tendency of the body to seek the other of least resistance.

A

Relative flexibility

66
Q

Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances.

A

Postural distortion patterns

67
Q

Muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

68
Q

Inappropriate muscle takes over function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.

A

Synergistic dominance

69
Q

Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint.

A

Muscle imbalance

70
Q

The ability to maintain postural equilibrium and support joints during movement.

A

Stabilization

71
Q

The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force.

72
Q

The ability to repeatedly produce high levels of force fro prolonged periods.

A

Strength endurance

73
Q

The maximal force a muscle can produce in a single voluntary effort.

A

Maximal strength

74
Q

The enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers from resistance training.

A

Muscular hypertrophy

75
Q

The ability to produce the greatest force in the shortest time.

76
Q

Motor response to internal and external stimuli.

A

Motor behavior

77
Q

How the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experiences.

A

Motor control

78
Q

Integration of motor control processes through practice, leading to a relatively permanent change to produce skilled movement.

A

Motor learning

79
Q

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

A

Motor development

80
Q

Cumulative sensory input from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

A

Proprioception

81
Q

Sugars, starches, cellulose and fiber; chief source of energy.

A

Carbohydrates

82
Q

Complex carbohydrates; provides bulk in diet & intestinal health; regulates absorption of glucose.

83
Q

Simple sugar made by the body from carbs, fats and sometimes protein; main source of fuel.

84
Q

Complex carbohydrates used to store energy in liver and muscle tissue.

85
Q

The rate carb sources raise blood sugar and the effect on insulin release.
High = >70
Moderate = 56-69
Low = <55

A

Glycemic index

86
Q
  • Provides nutrition that fat and protein can’t.
  • Keeps glycogen stores full.
  • Helps maintain fluid balance.
  • Sores protein for building muscle.
A

Carbohydrates

87
Q

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

88
Q

Cannot be manufactured by the body; must be obtained by food.

A

Essential amino acids

89
Q

Can be manufactured by the body.

A

Nonessential amino acids

90
Q

4 calories per gram

A

Protein

Carbohydrates

91
Q

9 calories per gram.

92
Q

Should be 10-35% of diet.

93
Q

Should be 45-65% of diet.

6-10g / kg / day

A

Carbohydrates

94
Q

Should be 20-35% of total food intake.

95
Q

Something that enhances athletic performance.

A

Ergogenic aid

96
Q

Made in the body.

Can increase muscle mass, strength and anaerobic performance during exercise.

NASM CPT Exam (7 decks)

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