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Nasam > Domain 1 > Flashcards

Domain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

Communication network within the body

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2
Q

Central Nervous system CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord it cordinates activity of they body

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system PNS

A

Nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body and enviroment

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4
Q

Periphear nervous system subdivions

A

Somatic: Serves outer areas of the body and skeletal muscles.
Autonomic: Involntary systems such as heart or digestive system

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5
Q

Autonmic subdivions

A

Parasympathetic: Decrease activiation during rest and recovery
Sypathetic: Increase activaition to prep for activity

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6
Q

Neuron

A

Function unit of the nervouse system

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7
Q

Motor (Efferent) neurons

A

Transmit nerve impules from CNS TO EFFECTOR SITES

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8
Q

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

A

Respinde to stimuli; transmit nerve impules from effector sites to CNS

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9
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sense distortion in body tissues

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10
Q

Joint Receptors

A

Respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration on joints

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11
Q

Golgi tendon organs GTO

A

Senses change in muscular tension

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12
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Sense Changes in muscle length

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13
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone and provide an ancor point for muscles to produce force

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14
Q

Fascia

A

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle

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15
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundle of individule muscle fibers

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16
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Celluelar components and myofibrils encaes in plasma membrane

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17
Q

Sarcomere

A

Produces muscular contracation; repeating section of actin and myosin

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18
Q

Sliding filament theory

A

Thick and think filaments slide past one another, shortening the entire sacomere

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19
Q

Type 1 slow twitch muscles

A

smaller size and fatigue slowly

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20
Q

Type 2 quick twtich muscles

A

larger in size are quick to produce maximal tension and fatigue quickly

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21
Q

Motor unit

A

One motor neuron and the muscle fibers it connects with

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22
Q

Neural activation

A

Contraction of a muscle generated by neaural stimulation

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23
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicl messengers that transport impulses from nerve to muscle

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24
Q

Local stabilaztion system

A

Attaches directly to vertebrea consistes of the transvere abdominis, internal oblique, multifidus, pelvic floor and diaphragm

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25
Q

Gloabl stabilizaiton system

A

Attaches from pelvis to spine, consistes of quadratus lumbrorum, psoas majorm external obliquem rectus abdominis, gluteus medius, adductir complex and portions of internal oblique

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26
Q

Movment system

A

Attaches the spin and or pelvis to the extremites consists od latissumus dordi, hip flexors, hamstring complez, quadricpes

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27
Q

Acial skleton

A

Skull, rib cage and verterbal column

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28
Q

Appendicular skelotin

A

Upper and lower extremites shoulder and pelvic gurdles

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29
Q

Skeletal system function

A

Supports, protects, allows bodily movemnts, produces blood and stores minerals

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30
Q

Depressions

A

Flattens or indenter portions of bone can be muscle attament sites

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31
Q

Process

A

Projection protruding from a bone, muscl, tendons and ligments that can attatch

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32
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to none they have little blood supply and are slow to heal

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33
Q

Arthokinmmatics

A

Joint motions

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34
Q

Non- Synovial Joints

A

No joint cavity, conncetive tissues or cartulage, little to no movement

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35
Q

Synovial joints

A

Held together by joint capsule and ligaments. assocaited with movements

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36
Q

Major motion typers

A

Roll, slide, spin

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37
Q

Important motion types to know

A

Hinge: Elbows, ankles, sagittal plane movement

Ball and socket: Shoulders hips, most modbile all three planes of motion

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38
Q

Weight baring exercise

A

Is the best method to strengthen bones

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39
Q

Endocrine system

A

System of glands secreaste homrmoes to regulate bodily function

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40
Q

Tesosterone

A

Responsible for male sex traits

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41
Q

Estrogen

A

Responsible for female sex traites

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42
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Anabolic hormone response for bodily groth until puberty

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43
Q

Insulin

A

Regulates energy and glucose metabolism in the body

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44
Q

Cardiorespitory system

A

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

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45
Q

Cardiovasuclar system

A

Heart, Blodd, and blood vessels

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46
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Shorter more tightly connected that skelatl muscle this is involuntary

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47
Q

Atria

A

Small superior chambers of the heart that recives blood from veins

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48
Q

Right atrium

A

Gather deoxygenated blood returning to the hears

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49
Q

Left Atrium

A

Gather oxygenated blood from the lungs

50
Q

Sinoatrail (SA) node

A

Located in righ atrium; initiates impules for heart heat rate this is the pacemaker for the heart

51
Q

Ventricles

A

Larger inferior chambers of the heart pump blood out

52
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

53
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

54
Q

Arteris

A

Carry blood away from the heart

55
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood back to the hearts

56
Q

Atrerioles

A

Small branches of arteries end in capillaries

57
Q

Capillaries

A

Smalled blood vessles site of gas, chemical and water exchange

58
Q

Venules

A

Very small veins, connect capillaries to larger veins

59
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped with each contraction

60
Q

Heart Rate

A

The rate of whcih the heart pumps blood the avererage untrained adult is 70-80Bpm

61
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood pumped per minute heart rate x stroke volume

62
Q

Rspiratory sytem

A

Lungs and repiratory passageways brings in oxygens and removes CO2

63
Q

Inspiration

A

Contracting insiratiory muscles to move are into lungs

64
Q

Insiratory muscles

A

Primary: Diaphragm, external intercosals
Seconday: Scalens, pectoralis mior and sternoclediomastoid

65
Q

Expiration

A

Relaxing inspiratory muscles (Passive) contracting expuraty muscles ( Active) to move air out.

66
Q

Ecpiratoty muscles

A

Internal inercostals abdominals

67
Q

Resting oxygen consumption (Vo2)

A

3.5ml x kg^-1 x min^-1 = 1 metabolic equvalent =MET

68
Q

Maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2Max)

A

Highest rate of oxygen transport and untilization achived and maximal physical exertion

69
Q

Abnoraml breathing patterns

A

Accoiated with stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, fatigue, poor circulation and poor sleep paterns

70
Q

Cardiorespitroy exercise

A

Increase: Cardac output, breathing efficency, oxygen transport and use ,use of fats for fuel, mental alerness ability to relxax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate
Decrease: ressting heart rate, cholesteral, blood pressure, and the risk of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes

71
Q

Bioenergetcs

A

Study of enery in the human body

72
Q

Metabolism

A

Process in which nutrietns are acquired, tranports, and used and disposed of in the body

73
Q

Aerobic

A

Requires oxygen

74
Q

Anaerobic

A

With out oxygen

75
Q

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

A

Energy storage and transfer unit with in cells

76
Q

Anaerobic threshold

A

Where the body can no longer produce enough energy with normal oxygen intake

77
Q

Exxess post oxygen consumption (EPOC)

A

Elevation of metablolism after exercise

78
Q

Biomechanics

A

Scince concernd with internal and external forces actin on the body

79
Q

Force

A

Influnce applied by one object to another, accelerates or decceralerate, the second object

80
Q

Torque

A

A force that produces rotation

81
Q

Lever and its 3 clasess

A 
Ridged bar that rotates aroud and statonary fulcrum
1 class: fulcrum in the middle (nodding head)
2 class: resistance in the middle (Calf raise) 
3 class effort in the middle (Biceps curl) this is the most common in human limbs
82
Q

Superior

A

Above a point of refernce

83
Q

Inferior

A

Below a point of refernce

84
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to a point of reference

85
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from a point of reference

86
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

87
Q

Posterior

A

Back of the body

88
Q

Medial

A

Closer to center of body

89
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the middle fo the body

90
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite side of the body

91
Q

Ipsilater

A

On same side of the body

92
Q

Frontal Plan Motians and examples

A

Adduction/Abduction, Lateral flexion, Eversion/Inversion

Side later raise, side lunge, side shuffle

93
Q

Sagittal Plan

A

Flexion/Exstions

Bicep curl, tricep push down, squat

94
Q

Transverse Plan

A

Rotation, Horizontal aduction/abduction

Throwing, golfing, swinging a bat, trunk rotation

95
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movemnet decrease relative angle berween segments

96
Q

Extsenton

A

Strightening movemnet increase relative angle between sements

97
Q

Plantarflextion

A

Exenstion at the ankle

98
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle

99
Q

Abduction

A

Movemnt in the frontal plan away from the middle

100
Q

Adduction

A

Movemnet in the frontal plan toward the biddle

101
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

Transvese plan arm movemnet from antior to lateral (Chest flys)

102
Q

Horzontal adduction

A

Transverse plans arm movemnt from lateral to anterior

103
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotaion toward the middle of the body

104
Q

Exteranl Rotation

A

Rotation away from the middle of the body

105
Q

Concentric

A

Moving in the opposite direction of force, accelrate of produces foarce, the muscle shortnes

106
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle devolps tension while lengthing decelerates force

107
Q

Isometric

A

Musclar force equal to resistive force, stabalizes force, no change in muscle lenght

108
Q

Lenght tension relationship

A

Resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that lenght

109
Q

Force couple

A

Muscle working togethor to produce movements

110
Q

Forve velocity curve

A

As the velocity of a contraction increase concentric force decrease and eccentric force increase

111
Q

Neuromuscular efficiency

A

Ability to produce and reduce force and stablize the kniectic chain in all three plans of motion

112
Q

Strucatusl efficenecy

A

Allgnment of the musculoskelatal system that allows center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support

113
Q

Davis law

A

Soft tissue models along the lines of stress

114
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

Nerual impules that sense tension are greater than the impulese that cause muscules to contrat provides inhibiroty effect to the muscle spingles

115
Q

Reciporocl inhibions

A

Stimulaneous contranaction of one muscle, and relaxation of ints antagonist to allow movemnet

116
Q

Relative flexability

A

Tendancy of the body to seek the path of least resistance

117
Q

Pattern overload

A

Constietal repated the same motion places abnormal stresses on the body

118
Q

Postural distotion patterns

A

Predictable patters of muscle imbalances

119
Q

Altered recupocal inhibition

A

Muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist which inhibits its functional antagonist

120
Q

Synergistic domiance

A

Inapproriate muscle taks over function of a weak inhibited prime mover

121
Q

Muscle imbalnace

A

Alteration of muscle length surronding a joint

122
Q

OPT MODEL

A

Stabalization: ability to maintina postural quilibriam and support joints duing movemnet
Strenght: Ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external force
Strenght endurence: Ability to repeatedly produce high level of force for prolonged periods
Muscular hypertophy: Enlargemnt of skeletal muscle fibers from resistane training
Maximal strenght: Maximal force a muscle can produce in a single vountary effort
Power: Ability to produce greatest force in shortest time

Nasam (4 decks)

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