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NASM > Domain 1 > Flashcards

Domain 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tendons

A

connects muscle to bone; provide anchor for

muscles to produce force

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2
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

joint motion

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3
Q

Stroke Volume

A

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

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4
Q

Cardiac Output

A

volume of blood pumped per minute, HR x stroke volume

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5
Q

EPOC (excess post oxygen consumption)

A

elevation of metabolism after exercise

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6
Q

Superior

A

above a point of reference

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7
Q

Inferior

A

below a point of reference

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8
Q

Proximal

A

nearest to a point of reference

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9
Q

Distal

A

farthest from a point of reference

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10
Q

Anterior

A

front of body

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11
Q

Posterior

A

back of body

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12
Q

Medial

A

closer to the middle of the body

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13
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the middle of the body

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14
Q

Contralateral

A

on the opposite of the body

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body

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16
Q

Frontal POM

A

adduction, abduction, lateral flexion, eversion, inversion

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17
Q

Saggital POM

A

flexion, extension

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18
Q

Transverse POM

A

rotation, horizontal adduction and abduction

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19
Q

Adduction

A

movement in the frontal plane towards the middle

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20
Q

Abduction

A

movement in the frontal plane away from the middle

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21
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

transverse movement from lateral to anterior

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22
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

transverse movement from anterior to lateral

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23
Q

Concentric

A

moving in the opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force, muscle shortens

24
Q

Eccentric

A

muscle develops tension while lengthening, decelerates force

25
Q

Isometric

A

muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force, no change in muscle length

26
Q

Length-tension relationship

A

resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length

27
Q

Force-couple

A

muscles working together to produce a movement

28
Q

Force-velocity curve

A

as the velocity of a contraction increases, concentric force decreases and eccentric force increases

29
Q

Davis’s law

A

soft tissue models along the lines of stress

30
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles

31
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

simultaneous contraction of one muscle and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement

32
Q

Relative flexibility

A

the tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance

33
Q

Pattern overload

A

consistently repeating the same motion places abnormal stress on the body

34
Q

Postural distortion patterns

A

predictable patterns of muscle imbalances

35
Q

Altered reciprocal inhibition

A

tight agonist which inhibits inhibition of functional antagonist

36
Q

Synergistic dominance

A

inappropriate muscle takes over for weak or inhibited prime mover

37
Q

Muscle imbalance

A

alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint

38
Q

OPT model

A

stabilization, strength (endurance, hypertrophy, maximal strength), power

39
Q

Glucose

A

simple sugar made by the body from carbs, fats, and sometimes protein; main source of fuel

40
Q

Glycogen

A

complex carb used to store energy in liver and muscle tissue

41
Q

Triglycerides

A

chemical form of most most fat in food and in the body

42
Q

Protein

A

amino acids linked by peptide bonds

4 calories per gram
Sedentary adults: 0.8 g/kg/day
Strength athletes: 1.2-1.7 g/kg/day 
Endurance athletes: 1.2-1.4 g/kg/day 
10-35% of diet
43
Q

Hydration

A

body is 60% water, women 2.2L, men 3L

44
Q

Calorie

A

amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of water by 1 degree celsius

45
Q

RMR resting metabolic rate

A

amount of energy expended at rest

46
Q

TEF thermic effect of food

A

energy use for digestion, 6-10%

47
Q

Carbohydrate

A

eat a high carb meal 2-4 hours before exercise, 30-60g every hour of exercise lasting more then 60 mins, 1.5g/kg body weight 30 minutes after exercise to maximize glycogen replenishment

4 calories per gram
6-10 g/kg/day
25-38g from fiber
45-65% of diet

48
Q

Fats

A

9 calories per gram
Should be 20-35% of total food intake
High polyunsaturated to-saturated ratio is desirable

49
Q

Proprioception

A

the body’s ability to sense the relative position of an adjacent body part

50
Q

Muscle spindle

A

sensitive to changes in muscular length and rate of length change

51
Q

Gogli tendon organ

A

sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change

52
Q

Joint receptors

A

respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joint

53
Q

Muscle fibers

A

mitochondria where cell creates energy, contracts muscles…. have myofibrils which allow sliding filament theory which is what causes muscle contractions

54
Q

Type 1 slow twitch

A

higher in capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin, increased oxygen delivery, smaller in size, less force, slow to fatigue, long term contractions (stabilization)

55
Q

Type 2 fast twitch

A

lower in capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin, decreased oxygen delivery, larger in size, more force, quick to fatigue, short term contractions (force and power)

NASM (3 decks)

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