Domain 1

Question 1

Tendons

Answer 1

connects muscle to bone; provide anchor for

muscles to produce force

Question 2

Arthrokinematics

Answer 2

joint motion

Question 3

Stroke Volume

Answer 3

amount of blood pumped with each contraction

Question 4

Cardiac Output

Answer 4

volume of blood pumped per minute, HR x stroke volume

Question 5

EPOC (excess post oxygen consumption)

Answer 5

elevation of metabolism after exercise

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

above a point of reference

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

below a point of reference

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

nearest to a point of reference

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

farthest from a point of reference

Question 10

Anterior

Answer 10

front of body

Question 11

Posterior

Answer 11

back of body

Question 12

Medial

Answer 12

closer to the middle of the body

Question 13

Lateral

Answer 13

farther from the middle of the body

Question 14

Contralateral

Answer 14

on the opposite of the body

Question 15

Ipsilateral

Answer 15

on the same side of the body

Question 16

Frontal POM

Answer 16

adduction, abduction, lateral flexion, eversion, inversion

Question 17

Saggital POM

Answer 17

flexion, extension

Question 18

Transverse POM

Answer 18

rotation, horizontal adduction and abduction

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

movement in the frontal plane towards the middle

Question 20

Abduction

Answer 20

movement in the frontal plane away from the middle

Question 21

Horizontal Adduction

Answer 21

transverse movement from lateral to anterior

Question 22

Horizontal Abduction

Answer 22

transverse movement from anterior to lateral

Question 23

Concentric

Answer 23

moving in the opposite direction of force, accelerates or produces force, muscle shortens

Question 24

Eccentric

Answer 24

muscle develops tension while lengthening, decelerates force

Question 25

Isometric

Answer 25

muscular force equal to resistive force, stabilizes force, no change in muscle length

Question 26

Length-tension relationship

Answer 26

resting length of a muscle and the tension it can produce at that length

Question 27

Force-couple

Answer 27

muscles working together to produce a movement

Question 28

Force-velocity curve

Answer 28

as the velocity of a contraction increases, concentric force decreases and eccentric force increases

Question 29

Davis's law

Answer 29

soft tissue models along the lines of stress

Question 30

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 30

neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, provides inhibitory effect to muscle spindles

Question 31

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 31

simultaneous contraction of one muscle and relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement

Question 32

Relative flexibility

Answer 32

the tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance

Question 33

Pattern overload

Answer 33

consistently repeating the same motion places abnormal stress on the body

Question 34

Postural distortion patterns

Answer 34

predictable patterns of muscle imbalances

Question 35

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 35

tight agonist which inhibits inhibition of functional antagonist

Question 36

Synergistic dominance

Answer 36

inappropriate muscle takes over for weak or inhibited prime mover

Question 37

Muscle imbalance

Answer 37

alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint

Question 38

OPT model

Answer 38

stabilization, strength (endurance, hypertrophy, maximal strength), power

Question 39

Glucose

Answer 39

simple sugar made by the body from carbs, fats, and sometimes protein; main source of fuel

Question 40

Glycogen

Answer 40

complex carb used to store energy in liver and muscle tissue

Question 41

Triglycerides

Answer 41

chemical form of most most fat in food and in the body

Question 42

Protein

Answer 42

amino acids linked by peptide bonds ``` 4 calories per gram Sedentary adults: 0.8 g/kg/day Strength athletes: 1.2-1.7 g/kg/day Endurance athletes: 1.2-1.4 g/kg/day 10-35% of diet ```

Question 43

Hydration

Answer 43

body is 60% water, women 2.2L, men 3L

Question 44

Calorie

Answer 44

amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of water by 1 degree celsius

Question 45

RMR resting metabolic rate

Answer 45

amount of energy expended at rest

Question 46

TEF thermic effect of food

Answer 46

energy use for digestion, 6-10%

Question 47

Carbohydrate

Answer 47

eat a high carb meal 2-4 hours before exercise, 30-60g every hour of exercise lasting more then 60 mins, 1.5g/kg body weight 30 minutes after exercise to maximize glycogen replenishment 4 calories per gram 6-10 g/kg/day 25-38g from fiber 45-65% of diet

Question 48

Fats

Answer 48

9 calories per gram Should be 20-35% of total food intake High polyunsaturated to-saturated ratio is desirable

Question 49

Proprioception

Answer 49

the body's ability to sense the relative position of an adjacent body part

Question 50

Muscle spindle

Answer 50

sensitive to changes in muscular length and rate of length change

Question 51

Gogli tendon organ

Answer 51

sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change

Question 52

Joint receptors

Answer 52

respond to pressure, acceleration and deceleration of joint

Question 53

Muscle fibers

Answer 53

mitochondria where cell creates energy, contracts muscles.... have myofibrils which allow sliding filament theory which is what causes muscle contractions

Question 54

Type 1 slow twitch

Answer 54

higher in capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin, increased oxygen delivery, smaller in size, less force, slow to fatigue, long term contractions (stabilization)

Question 55

Type 2 fast twitch

Answer 55

lower in capillaries, mitochondria and myoglobin, decreased oxygen delivery, larger in size, more force, quick to fatigue, short term contractions (force and power)