Domain 1 Flashcards
Checking the overrun; means:
checking the weight of ice cream
Process of water content of a vegetable being replaced by a concentrated salt solution?
Diffusion
What recipe ingredient should be looked at if the cake has a crunchy crust and compact moist texture?
Sugar
Why do egg whites beat more easily at room temp?
The surface tension is lower
Which pigments do not change color in an acid or alkaline solution?
Carotene
End products of cellular oxidation?
Water, Carbon dioxide, enegry
Carbohydrates listed in order of decreasing sweetness:
Fructose, glucose, glucose, sorbitol
Flakiness of a pie curst depends on
Type of fat
Testing group is being fed gelatin as the sole protein source and they are not growing well; why?
Gelatin has no tryptophan and is low in methionine and lysine
10 can golds how many cups?
13
If you replace half and half with heavy whipping cream in ice cream; the ice crystals will
decrease in size b/c there is more fat
Fat produces more calories than CHO b/c
fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen
Research has shown that the neural tube defects can be reduced with proper supplementation of
folic acid
Best lab value to use in assessing iron status is
ferritin
Best flour to make cakes?
All-purpose flour
Where is lactose absorbed?
small intestine
What is the best temp to fry foods?
the higher the temp in oil the better
Minerals involved in CHO metabolism
Chromium and Zinc
Acidic chyme becomes neutralized in the duodenum by:
mixing w/ bicarbonate and fluids
Colon functions in the absorption of (5):
Water, salts, vita K, thiamin and riboflavin
To prevent frozen gravy from separating….
prepare it w. modified starch
How much fluid is lost through insensible losses?
1 Liter
Amino acid that can’t be produced by the body:
Tryptophan
Following is an irreversible reaction:
Pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA
Riboflavin, thiamin and niacin are all involved in the :
Metabolism of CHO
An increased plasma pyruvate level is an indication of:
thiamin deficiency
Which of the following stabilizes an egg white foam?
An acid
Winterized oil is
clear when refrigerated
What may cause EKG abnormalities?
High serum K level
In the Fed state, the brain uses which nutrient as a source of energy?
Glucose
In starvation, the brain uses which nutrient as an energy source?
Ketone bodies
Gluconeogenesis is the:
Creation of glucose from glycerol and amino acids
Glycolysis is the
Catabolism of CHO
Glycogenolysis is the
Breakdown of glycogen releasing glucose
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is
Pyruvic acid
Protein-bound iodine (PBI) measures:
Level of thryoxine being produced (activity of thyroid gland which aids in energy metabolism, if PBI goes up so does BMR)
Epinephrine:
raises blood glucose during catabolic stress (also stimulated glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
A provitamin is:
a nutrient that can be converted into a vitamin
The formula for producing the active form of vita d is:
7-dehydrocholesterol converting into cholecalciferol
Vita K is affected by:
anticoagulants and antibiotics
Hormone that regulates calcium levels
Parathyroid
Pyridoxine acts as a coenzyme in
deamination and transmination
Intestinal bacteria syntehize
biotin, pantothenic acid, vita k
Ascorbic acid aids in healing with this process:
Proline to hydroxyproline to collagen
Biotin is considered a coenzyme in the synthesis of
fatty acid
Food iron is the ___ form
Ferric
Food iron is reduced in the stomach to the more absorbable form of:
Ferrous
Foods that aid in the absorption of iron
orange juice, hamburgers
Bile is produced in the __ and stored in the _____
- Liver. 2. Gladdbladder
Cholescystokinin cayses
contraction of the gallbladder; (it improves digestion by slowing down the emptying of food into the stomach)
Enzymes involved w/ protein digestion
Pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase
Protein digestion begins in the
stomach
Lactase is produced in the
small intestine
Which enzymes are secreted by the pancreas
amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin
This conversion requires glucose 6 phosphatase
Pyruvic acid into lactic acid
NADPH is
essential in the synthesis of fatty acids
Required for the conversion of pyruvic acid into active acetate
B1, B2, B3, B5, NAD
Vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in transmination
Pyriodoxine
Glucocorticords are _____ hormones
adrenal hormones
Glucocoritcoids convert
fatty acids into glucose
Fats enter the blood as ____ and leave the liver as _____
- chylomircrons, 2. lipoproteins
The oxidation of fatty acids forms
acetyl CoA
B5, B1, B2, B3 are involved w/
converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA
____ can be reversed with vita A
Nyctalopia
Fresh meat contamination comes mainly from
salmonella
Which aminos must be present in PN solution?
Tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, isoleucine
Iron absorption is enhanced by
acidic chyme in the duodenum
_____ inhibits gluconeogenesis
Insulin
Lowest cholesterol content?: 1. Pb w/ crackers 2. Yogurt with fruit 3/ Chocolate cake 4. Roast beef sandwich
PB w/ crakcers
Difference between cake flour and bread flour
cake flour has less gluten, weaker, gluten, and less protein
Vita A is involved w/
development of tissue and skin
Pt with metabolic alkalosis would have
retention of base by the kidneys
What foods should be washed just before serving?
Berries and Mushrooms
Gov agency that inspects and grades meats
USDA
If linoleic acid replaces CHO in the diet:
LDL decrease, HDL increases
This is not absorbed directly into the portal blood
Long chain fatty acids
When substituting buttermilk for whole milk in a pastry:
Increase the baking soda (for more pH)
Ground meat will spoil faster than sliced meat b/c
more surface area is exposed
Evaporated milk has
slightly more than half of the water removed
Ketones are most associated w/
fats
What is sweeter? Sorbitol or glucose?
Glucose
What causes egg yolks to change color
alteration of the feed provided
What data is needed to convert weight into volume?
specific gravity
The tartness in the fruits and vegetables are due to
tannins
When a sauce is starchy and grainy it is likely d/t
uncooked flour
How does water make lettuce crisp?
osmotic pressure of water filled vacuoles
Four hours after eating you develop nausea, diarrhea but no fever, it is likely d/t
staphylococcus aureus
Hormone that influences BMR
Thyroxine
If linoleic acid replaces saturated fat in the diet:
total cholesterol including HDL decreases
An oil high in monounsaturated fatty acids?
Olive
An oil with a high saturated fat?
Coconut
What can result in metabolic acidosis?
Decreased retention of bicarbonate
High protein diet increases the need for
B2 and water
Dry heat cooking should be used meat that is
near the backbone
Onions when cooked in aluminum turn:
yellow
This cooking method turns collagen into gelatin in a roast meat
braising
Method of bread making that is not dependent on the length of time the dough sits to rise
Continuous method
Nutrient added for flour enrichment
Iron
the term “USDA graded” on meat tells the consumer:
it defines quality
A cake w/ a fallen center may be the result of
Excess sugar and excess fat
Milk beverage w/ least amount of sat fat?
Evaporated skim milk
Coarse texture in cake is d/t
too much baking powder or sugar
Nitrogen equilibrium is associated w/
25yr old male
Children’s diets are found to be low in iron d/t emphasis on
milk
Mineral involved w/ blood clotting
Calcium
Cake flour has the ______ gluten
least and weakest
Main function of glycolysis is to provide
pyruvate for the TCA cycle
Food service employees should wash their hands for at least
20 seconds
Metabolites of the Kreb’s cycle are:
Water, energy, and carbon dioxidw
Meat graded “US Standard” is the grade given at the
time of slaughter
Doing low sodium milk for whole milk and low sodium baking powder for baking powder will result in
decrease sodium of a baking recipe
What pasta contains no eggs?
Noodles
A pt wo is iron deficient should consume ____ with a good iron source
vitamin C
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates:
Dehydration
Cabbage should be cooked:
in a large quantity of water
To decrease sodium intake, substitute:
Unsalted margarine for regular margarine
Apples stored in a controlled environment would
have an extended life and improved marketing quality
These oils can be winterized
corn, soy, cottonseed
Give this to a person who is mildly hypokalemic?
1 piece cantaloupe
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L is a sign of
hypernatremia
To increase K intake, consume a snack of
POTASS-YUM
Protein intake is doubled, so increase this nutrient
pyridoxine
Illness due to Bacillus cereus is d/t contamination of
Rice products and starchy foods
The Cori Cycle converts:
Lactate into pyruvate
Fats high in monounsaturated fatty acids include
Olive and canola
Fats high in polyunsaturated fatty acids include;
safflower and corn
Green beans cooked in tomato sauce turn ___ d/t ____
Olive green; pheophytin
If you are on a low phosphorous diet; you should avoid
junk foods, soda and beef
A 5 month old is diagnosed w/ salmonella; probably d/t
table food
