Doctrine IV - Final Flashcards
Moksha
NOT the same as Christian salvation
The Hindu’s ultimate goal is freedom from samsara (cycle of transmigrations)
Final step: When one renounces all human trappings and discovers the truth within the deepest self, he finds that Atman is Brahman
Four traditional paths
Samsara
(cycle of transmigrations)
Brahman
Brahman
Ultimate reality
Without qualities
Can not be visualized as He/ She/ It has no qualities.
C.S. Lewis saw Brahman as “Grey Tapioka”.
People worship 3 primary manifestations of Brahman
Brama, Vishnu, & Shiva.
Jnana
Reflective: Through knowledge
Bhakti
Emotional: through devotion
Karma
Active: through work
Raja
experimental: through experiment
Atman
Atman–The self which is eternal and (in Advaita) identical with Brahman (sacred Power/Divine Being)
Vedas
Vedas (= knowledge, wisdom)
Oldest and most sacred scriptures
Four collections including Rig Veda (over 1000 hymns to various gods)
Upanishads
Upanishads (philosophical extension of Vedas)
Bhagavad-Gita
Bhagavad-Gita
Epic poetry, mythology
Most popular Hindu writing
What are the geographic origins of Hinduism?
China, India, Pakistan
Buddha
Buddha = the Awakened One
Mahayana
Great Raft (ferry)
Stresses grace
Made space for lay people (Buddhism for the people)
Because of the number of people their theology could get to nirvana, they were the Big Raft. Very popular.
Broke into many schools
Hinayama
Little Raft (ferry)
Hate the name Hinayana and call themselves Theravada Buddhists
Closer to Buddha’s original message.
In it alone. You build your own ferry and cross the river of life by yourself.
Stayed one school
Nirvana
Salvation
“Blowing out” of desire, attachment
Escape from samsara (reincarnation)
The Eight fold path has a presupposition that as Christians we already know but Buddha thought it so evident that he never explicitly names it as a “fold” of the path and that is “Right Association”
tripitaka
(three baskets) - First Council produced Pali canon from recitations of Buddha’s teaching; not written down for several centuries
suttapitaka
(basket of discourses) - doctrinal teachings
vinayapitaka
(basket of discipline) - rules and regulations
Lotus Sutra
teaching of Mahayana doctrine
Abhidhamma
Abhidhamma - supplement containing reflection on teaching
summary of Gautama Siddhartha
Gautama Siddhartha (b. ~ 563 BC)
Royal Indian family (Shakya tribe)
Carefully protected by father
“Awakened” at around age 30: the Middle Path
father had a vision that he would be a great ruler or religious teacher
Qur’an
Qur’an
Literal, eternal, uncreated Word of God
Previous revelations (Jewish and Christian Scriptures) had become corrupted
Doctrine of abrogation
Compiled after Muhammad’s death (646-650 CE) from various collections
Muhammad believed it to be his only miracle
Hadith
(traditions concerning sayings and life of Muhammad)
Biographical info on Muhammed
Went into the Caravan Business at 25
Went into business with a wealthy widow named Khadija.
Would later marry her despite her age.
First revelation
610 CE, during lunar month of Ramadan (Night of Power)
Cave of Harra (or Hira), near Mecca
Gabriel dictated text
Muhammad was to memorize and preach the text
Miraculously transported to Jerusalem, 620 CE
Ascended into each of the seven levels of heaven
Conversed with Abraham, Moses, Jesus
Dome of the Rock built in 691 CE on the site of his ascension (the temple mount)
Islamic view of Jesus
Believed that the Christians are in grave error due to deifying Jesus and corrupting the scriptures.
5 pillars of Islam
Confession (shahada prayer (salat fasting (sawm Giving alms (zakat Pilgrimage (hajj) to mecca
torah
Torah - five books of Moses
Nevi’im
prophets
Kethuvim
Kethuvim - writings
Mishnah
Mishnah - interpretation
Gemara
- narratives, illustration
3 main modern expressions of Judaism
Orthodox Judaism - strict adherence to Torah, traditional Jewish customs
Reform Judaism - central role of ethical teaching, but traditional customs not binding; interpretation of Torah influenced by history and cultural changes
Conservative Judaism - a middle ground; maintain strong Jewish identify with accommodation
Church according to HOD
“The Church is the fellowship of all who are justified and sanctified by grace through faith in Christ” (The Salvation Army Handbook of Doctrine, 2010, p. 247).
3 biblical images of the church
The People of God
The Body of Christ
The temple of the Holy Spirit
3 forms of church government
Episcopal Authority resides in the bishop Number of levels of bishops varies Powers of the bishop Ordination of ministers Pastoral placement Preserving true faith, order through discipline
Presbyterian
Authority delegated by believers to elders, who represent them
Series of governing assemblies, which include both clergy and laity
Local assembly chooses its own pastor; confirmed at next level
Regional administrators elected for a limited term of service
Congregational
Autonomy - local congregation independent and self-governing
Democracy - every member of congregation has a voice in its affairs
Each congregation calls its own pastor, sets its own budget, purchases and owns its own property
According to Acts 2:42 and Oden, what are the essential elements of the Church
apostolic doctrine
community life
sacramental communion
common worship
According to Ravi Zacharias, what must every world view give an account for?
Origin
Meaning
Morality
Destiny
