Doctrine IV Class - Mid Term

Question 1

Define Sacraments

Answer 1

A visible sign of invisible grace.

Question 2

Define Anti-Sacramental

Answer 2

against the sacrements

Question 3

Define Pan-Sacramental

Answer 3

the view that for the believer, all of life is a sacrament

Question 4

Define Transubstantiation

Answer 4

This is the Roman Catholic Interpretation in which it is believed that during the administration of the Eucharist, the substance (but not appearance) of the communion bread and wine is transformed into the literal Body and blood of Christ

Question 5

Define Consubstantiation

Answer 5

Martin Luther’s reaction to Transubstantiation resulted in the view that after the consecration of the substances (Bread and Wine/ Body and Blood of Christ) co-exist in union with each other. They are united YET each is intact into itself.

Question 6

Define Receptionism

Answer 6

Through Faith, Christ is spiritually present in the Supper. “Is not the cup of thanksgiving for which we gave thanks a participation in the blood of Christ? And is not the bread that we break a participation in the body of Christ?”

Question 7

Define Memorialism

Answer 7

Deny any form of physical or spiritual presence in the substances. See the rite as purely a remembrance of Christ’s sacrifice and suffering on our behalf.

This view comes largely from the teachings of Ulrich Zwingly.

Question 8

Define Charismata

Answer 8

Charismata: (Spiritual) Gifts (Romans 12:6; 1st Corinthians 12:4
The Greek word Charis means grace
The believers receive gifts of Gods grace
Roams 6:23 (gifts); 2nd Corinthians 1:11 (gracious Favor)

Question 9

Define Pneumatika

Answer 9

Pneumatika: Spiritual Gifts (1st Corinthians 12:1
The Greek word Pneuma means spirit
The Holy Spirit is the source of all of Spiritual Gifts

Question 10

Define the Cessationist View

Answer 10

Cessationist View:
Reformers especially John Calvin
Gifts ended with the apostles and will never be revived

Question 11

Explain baptism, meaning, use, etc.

Answer 11

The sacramental rite which admits a candidate into the Christian church.

It represents the believer’s union with Christ through which he or she participates in Christ’s death and resurrection.

For many churches, faith and repentance a pre-requisite

For some churches, it symbolizes cleansing while in other it is the means of cleansing from sin

Question 12

What are 4 points in Matthew 3:11-17

Answer 12

John’s baptism: was a baptism of repentance; preliminary to baptism of the Holy Spirit

Showed Jesus’ complete identification with the people – submission to custom “to fulfill all righteousness”

The start of Jesus’ public ministry

The acknowledgement of the Father and of the Holy Spirit

Question 13

What 3 points are found in Act 10:48 about baptism?

Answer 13

Initiation – to include Gentiles in the Church

Also done in the name of Jesus

Filled with the Spirit before they were baptized

Question 14

What 3 points are found in Acts 15:8-9, 28-29 about baptism?

Answer 14

Jerusalem Council - question of accepting Gentiles

God showed his acceptance by giving the Holy Spirit; he purified their hearts by faith

Baptism does not appear in the list of requirements given to Gentile believers – no circumcision required, no other rites required

Question 15

What are three reasons that are given for women not to preach that Catherine Booth had to deal with?

Answer 15

Catherine Booth dealt with three objections to women preaching:
#1  Women’s preaching is unnatural and unfeminine
#2  Female ministry is forbidden in the Word of God
#3  Female preaching is unnecessary

Question 16

What are some reasons in support of women in preaching roles? (This will be a 2-3 paragraph essay)

Answer 16

Refer to Slides:
1.For unnatural:
Women were less likely at time, doesn’t make it unnatural

2. for forbidden in Word:
   1 Corinthians 11:4-5 (head coverings for praying or prophesying in public worship)
   INTERPRETATION:
   Joel’s prediction (2:28) that women would prophesy was being fulfilled.
3. For unnecessary:
   - Phoebe (Romans 16:1-2), called a deacon(ess); same word used about Jesus, Paul and Apollos
   - Junia, a woman, (Romans 16:7) identified as an apostle and a fellow prisoner with Paul
   - Testimony of Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Eusebius: both men and women spoke

Question 17

5. A fellow believer contends that women should not be given pastoral or leadership positions in the Church, citing I Corinthians 14:34-35 and I Timothy 2:11-12. Be prepared to respond to their contention with a solid biblical exegesis and hermeneutic of the same portions.

Answer 17

• 1 Timothy 2:12-13 (Women may not teach or have authority over a man)
  Interpretation:
  Context involves her behavior at home, where she should not be domineering nor should she usurp the authority of her husband
  She would certainly be allowed to teach children, other women – are there really limitations?
  Prohibition does not limit teaching in public under the leading of the Holy Spirit
• 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 (women to remain silent in the churches)
  INTERPRETATION:
  These verses would contradict 11:4-5 if they referred to the same kind of speaking
  Lalein, translated “to speak” in v. 34, has a wide range of meanings; need to consider context to understand meaning here
  In context, women asked, not to be silent, but “to refrain from such questionings, dogmatic assertions, and disputations, which would bring them into collision with the men” (p. 10)

Question 18

6. Be familiar with General William Booth’s January 1883 address to the Officers (War Cry Article) – particularly the section on Sacraments (pages 8 &9 from link below)

Answer 18

1. The sacraments must not and cannot be regarded as conditions of salvation.
2. The is a great difference in opinion on the administering of the sacraments which had divided the Church as a whole. Let us not divide our people.
3. The Army is a mode of aggressive salvation and not a church. In the future, sacraments may need to be revisited.
4. We do not prohibit anyone from taking of sacraments
5. We agree to one baptism in the Holy Spirit.

Question 19

What is the Salvation Army stance on sacraments? (From HOD 269-270)

Answer 19

Outward sign of Grace

Jesus as the one true sacrament

We live a sacramental lifestyle

Question 20

Describe the idea of Gifts of the Spirit being “Distributed for the Body” (From Oden 634-635)

Answer 20

• spiritual gift are a superior ability
• it is not just for the person but for the body as a whole
• no given by human preference but by the Holy Spirit
• no one is lacking a gift but no one has all gifts either.

Question 21

Believers should not confuse spiritual gifts with _____________.

Answer 21

a. Natural Talents
b. Roles in the Church
c. The Fruit of the Spirit
d. Counterfeit signs (Matthew 7, Exodus 7)

Question 22

A fellow believer contends that the miraculous gifts of the Spirit ceased when the original apostles died. How do you respond? Be prepared to use scripture and apostolic teaching to defend your position. (short essay) See Power Point: Spiritual Gifts

Answer 22

“Do not neglect your gift …” (1 Tim. 4:14)
“… I remind you to fan into flame the gift of God, which is in you …” (2 Tim. 1:6)
- Timothy was not an apostle, yet Paul states that Timothy had the gift from God.

Question 23

11. A fellow believer states that unless you speak in tongues you are not filled with the Holy Spirit. Be prepared to formulate a response (short essay form) using scripture and Church teaching to support your view

Answer 23

The Holy Spirit gives gifts as He determines for the greater good of the Body. Every believer has at least one gift but no one has them all.

1Cor 12:20 discusses the idea of all having the same gifts and how that simply cannot be true. No one is required to have one specific gift.

Question 24

Christian friend asks why The Salvation Army does not practice the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist. Formulate a response using Scripture and orthodox teaching.

Answer 24

The Salvation Army believes in a pan-sacramental living. This means that our lives are wholly a sacrament to the Lord. We believe that no specific sacrament is required for one’s salvation.

1 Cor 12:13 Explains that one baptism exists and that is the baptism of the Holy Spirit.

Refer to Matthew 3:11-17 as well.