Doctrine Flashcards
Airpower is the ability to project military power or influence through the control and exploitation of _______, _________, and ________ to achieve strategic, operational, or tactical objectives
air, space, and cyberspace
The range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Airpower exploits the third dimension of the operational environment; the ______________; and ________ to leverage speed, range, flexibility, precision, tempo, and lethality to create effects from and within the air, space, and cyberspace domains.
Electromagnetic Spectrum / time
Physical Areas
Air, Land, Space, Maritime
This is described as the atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible.
Air
This Area of the Earth’s surface ending at the high water mark and overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals.
Land
This consists of the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals.
Maritime (Sea)
This corresponds to the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere.
Space
The ____________________ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.
information environment
Name a global domain within the information environment
Cyberspace
What domain consists of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers?
cyberspace
The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains, electromagnetic spectrum, and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference.
Full-spectrum superiority
The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains, electromagnetic spectrum, and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference.
full-spectrum superiority
Policy is guidance that is __________ or _____________, stating what is to be accomplished.
directive or instructive
At the national level, policy may be expressed in such broad vehicles as the ________________ or ______________.
National Security Strategy or Presidential Executive Orders.
Within military operations, policy may be expressed not only in terms of objectives, but also in _____________________, what we may or may not strike, or under what circumstances we may strike particular targets
rules of engagement
___________ defines how operations should be conducted to accomplish national policy objectives.
Strategy
It is the continuous process of matching ends, ways, and means to accomplish desired goals within acceptable levels of risk.
Strategy
____________ is defined as “fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is ____________ but requires ____________ in application”
Doctrine / Authoritative / Judgment
is a guide to action, not a set of fixed rules; it recommends, but does not mandate, particular courses of action.
Doctrine
____________, properly applied, often can provide a 70-, 80-, or even 90-percent solution to most questions, allowing leaders to focus on the remainder, which usually involves tailoring for the specific operation.
Doctrine
What is the senior capstone document of Air Force doctrine?
Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organization, and Command
What is the capstone publication for all joint doctrine, presenting fundamental principles and overarching guidance for the employment of the Armed Forces of the United States?
Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States
What presents considerations on how to accomplish military goals and objectives? It is a storehouse of analyzed experience and wisdom.
- The How-
Doctrine
Name the levels of Doctrine
Basic, Operational, Tactical
___________ doctrine is the most fundamental and enduring beliefs that describe and guide the proper use, presentation, and organization of forces in military action
Basic
___________ doctrine is contained in AFDD X-0 series publications and describes more detailed organization of forces and applies the principles of basic doctrine to military actions.
Operational
___________ doctrine describes the proper employment of specific Air Force assets, individually or in concert with other assets, to accomplish detailed objectives.
Tactical
Where is AF Tactical doctrine codified and how is it done?
In Air Force TTP (AFTTP) 3-1 series manuals and codified as tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP)
Name the types of doctrine
Service, Joint, Multinational
____________ doctrine outlines Service capabilities and guides the application of Service forces.
Service
____________ doctrine, as it applies to airpower in joint operations, describes the best way to integrate and employ air, space, and cyberspace capabilities with land, maritime, and special operations forces in military action
Joint
____________ doctrine, as it applies to airpower, describes the best way to integrate and employ U.S. air forces with the forces of allies in coalition warfare.
Multinational
Who basically said that the other services have an air arm but it is not always used and can come at a lower priority so thats why we have the AF to pay attention?
General Ronal R. Fogleman
Who basically said that doctrine reflects an official recognition of what has usually worked in the past?
Maj Gen Holley
Who basically said that at the very heart of warfare lies doctrine?
Gen LeMay
What extends from military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence in times of relative peace up through large-scale combat operations?
Range of Military Operations (ROMO)
This is a fundamental construct that helps relate military activities and operations in scope and purpose.
ROMO
Military operations range in purpose, risk, scale and intensity on this scale.
ROMO
What category of ROMO describes….. ongoing activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations and include military engagement activities with domestic civil authorities?
Military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence
What category of ROMO describes…. operations can range from an independent, small-scale, noncombat operation, such as support of civil authorities, up to a supporting component of extended major noncombat and/or combat operations?
Crisis response and limited contingency operations
What category of ROMO describes……. nature and scope of some missions may require joint forces to conduct large-scale combat operations to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests
Large-scale combat operations
What are the two types of warfare?
Traditional and Irregular
____________ warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states; typically involves force-on-force military operations in which adversaries employ a variety of conventional forces and special operations forces against each other.
Traditional
____________ warfare is defined in JP 1-02 as “a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations.
Irregular
Irregular warfare favors indirect and asymmetric approaches, though it (may or may not) employ the full range of military and other capabilities in order to erode an adversary’s power, influence, and will.”
may
The lifetime of one man is not long enough to enable him to acquire perfect knowledge and experience. Theory helps to supplements it. (You learn through others mistakes… what works and what dosnt)
Fredrick the Great
Name the levels of war
Strategic, Operational and Tactical
Addresses the issues of WHY and WITH WHAT we will fight and WHY the enemy fights against us.
Strategic
Effects at the ____________ level of war impair the adversary’s ability to carry out war or hostilities in general.
strategic
At this level the U.S. determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) security objectives and guidance, and uses all national resources to achieve objectives and desired end states.
Strategic
Planning at the _____________ level of war determines WHAT we will affect, with WHAT courses of action, in WHAT order, for WHAT duration, and with WHAT RESOURCES
operational
At what level of war are campaigns and major operations are designed, planned, conducted, sustained, assessed, and adapted to accomplish strategic goals within theaters or areas of operations?
Operational
Operational effects such as air, space, and cyberspace superiority, defeat of enemy surface forces, and isolation of enemy forces in the battlespace, and disruption or destruction of enemy leadership functions are the means with which the ______________ supports the overall strategy.
operational commander
What level of war involves the integration of tactical military missions and engagements to achieve strategic ends?
Operational
What level of war deals with HOW we fight?
Tactical
Military ________ occur almost entirely at the tactical level.
actions
The __________ level of air, space, and cyberspace warfare deals with how forces are employed, and the specifics of how engagements are conducted.
tactical
Tactics are concerned with the unique employment of force, so _________ defines this level.
application
0
0
What level of war involves campaign plans and major operations?
Operational
What level of war involves battles and engagements?
Tactical
ensures concentration of effort for every objective under one responsible commander
Unity of Command
Name the Principles of War (9)
Unity of Command, objective, offensive, mass, maneuver, economy of force, security, surprise and simplicity
direct military operations toward a defined and attainable ___________ that contributes to strategic, operational, and tactical aims
Objective
seize, retain, and exploit the initiative
Offensive
concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time to achieve decisive results.
Mass
places the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the flexible application of combat power in a multidimensional combat space.
Maneuver
judicious employment and distribution of forces.
Economy of Force
never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage.
Security
leverages the security principle by attacking the enemy at a time, place, or in a manner for which they are not prepared.
Surprise
avoiding unnecessary complexity in
organizing, preparing, planning, and conducting military operations.
Simplicity
Name the additional Principles of Operations (4)
Unity of Effort, Restraint, Perseverance, Legitimacy (4)
Often the military is not the sole, or even the lead, agency in contingency operations, therefore ___________ becomes critical during interagency operations and can best be achieved through consensus building.
Unity of Effort
disciplined application of military force appropriate to the situation.
Restraint
encompasses the patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national goals and objectives, for as long as necessary to achieve them.
Perseverance
In order to reduce the threat to U.S. forces and to enable them to work toward their objective, the U.S. should be viewed as a __________ actor in the mission, working towards multi-lateral interests including our own.
Legitimacy (legitimate)
____________ in the eyes of the host nation could be affected more by the actions of the military than U.S. political leadership
Legitimacy
What are the tenants of Air Power?
Centralized control and decentralized execution, flexibility and versatility, synergistic effects, persistence, concentration, priority, balance (7)
Because of airpower’s unique potential to directly affect the ________ and ___________ levels of war, it should be controlled by a ___________ Airman who maintains the broad, strategic perspective necessary to balance and prioritize the use of a powerful, highly desired yet limited force.
strategic / operational / single
___________ is commanding airpower.
Centralized control
___________ is the delegation of authority to designated lower-level commanders and other tactical-level decision makers to achieve effective span of control and to foster disciplined initiative and tactical flexibility.
Decentralized execution
___________ allows airpower to exploit mass and maneuver simultaneously.
Flexibility
___________ is the ability to employ airpower effectively at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare and provide a wide variety of tasks in concert with other joint force elements.
Versatility
___________ is the proper application of a
coordinated force across multiple domains can produce effects that exceed the contributions of forces employed individually.
Synergistic Effects
___________ is Airpower’s exceptional speed and range allow its forces to visit and revisit wide ranges of targets nearly at will.
Persistence
Principles of ___________ and ___________ deal directly with concentrating overwhelming power at the right time and the right place (or places).
Mass and Economy of Force
Airmen should guard against the inadvertent dilution of airpower effects resulting from high demand.
Concentration
Principles of mass and economy of force deal directly with ____________ overwhelming power at the right time and the right place (or places).
Concentrating (Concentration)
1) Commanders should establish clear _________ for the use of airpower.
2) Due to its inherent flexibility, the demands for airpower may likely exceed available resources.
3) If commanders fail to establish _________, they can become ineffective.
priorities
_____________ combat opportunity, necessity, effectiveness, efficiency, and the impact on accomplishing assigned objectives against the associated risk to friendly forces.
Balance
What translates strategic guidance and direction into campaign plans, contingency plans and operation orders (OPORDs)?
Planning
A ____________ is a series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space.
campaign
When is the planning for a campaign appropriate?
When the contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single operation.
Combatant Command (CCMD) Campaign Planning
JP 5-0
What implement the military portion of national policy and defense strategy by identifying those actions the CCMDs will conduct on a daily basis?
CCMD campaign plans
What are CCMD campaign plans also know as?
theater campaign plans (TCPs) and functional campaign plans (FCPs)
The purpose of ________________ is to shape the Operational Environment, deter aggressors, mitigate the effects of a contingency, and/or execute combat operations in support of the overarching national strategy.
CCMD campaigns
____________ implement a CCDR’s strategy by comprehensively and coherently integrating all its activities (actual) and contingency (potential) operations
Campaign plans
_____________ are branches of campaign plans that are planned for potential threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions without a crisis at-hand, pursuant to the strategic guidance
Contingency plans
What plans are made for potential events without a crisis at hand?
Contingency plans
A ____________ is a situation that likely would involve military operations in response to natural and man-made disasters, terrorism, military operations by foreign powers, or other situations as directed by the President or SecDef.
contingency
Who directs a contingency?
The President or SecDef
_________________ is based on hypothetical situations, therefore it relies on assumptions to fill in gaps.
Contingency planning
How many levels of planning do contingency plans have and name them?
Level 1 Planning Detail - Commander’s Estimate
Level 2 Planning Detail – Base Plan (BPLAN)
Level 3 Planning Detail – Concept Plan (CONPLAN)
Level 4 Planning Detail – Operation Plan (OPLAN)
Involves the least amount of detail and focuses on producing multiple courses of action (COA) to address a contingency
Level 1 Planning Detail - Commander’s Estimate
The product for this level can be a COA briefing, command directive, commander’s estimate, or a memorandum with a required force list.
Level 1 Planning Detail - Commander’s Estimate
What provides SecDef with military COAs to meet a potential contingency? It reflects the commander’s analysis of the various COAs available to accomplish an assigned mission and contains a recommended COA.
Level 1 Planning Detail - Commander’s Estimate
The Commander’s Estimate provides who with military COA to meet a potential crisis?
SecDef
Describes the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), major forces, concepts of support, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission
Level 2 Planning Detail – Base Plan (BPLAN)
What is an OPLAN in abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete and detailed Level 4 OPLAN?
Level 3 Planning Detail – Concept Plan (CONPLAN)
Complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the CONOPS, including all applicable annexes to the plan.
Level 4 Planning Detail – Operation Plan (OPLAN).
Identifies the force requirements, functional support, and resources required to execute the plan and provide closure estimates for their flow into the theater.
Level 4 Planning Detail – Operation Plan (OPLAN).
When directed by the President or SecDef through the CJCS, CCDRs convert level 1, 2, and 3 plans into _________ or into fully developed _________ for execution.
level 4 OPLANs / OPORDs
Who can direct CCDRs to convert levels 1, 2 and 3 plans into level 4 plans?
The President or SecDef through the CJCS
A _________ is an incident or situation that typically develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, or military importance that the President or SecDef considers a commitment of U.S. military forces and resources to achieve or defend national objectives. It may occur with little or no warning.
crisis
Planning functions, whether performed deliberately or in response to a crisis, use the same construct to facilitate _________ and the transition from planning to execution.
unity of effort
A ___________________, issued by the CJCS and/or commander, is a planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military COAs by a supported commander and requests that the supported commander submit a ________________.
WARNORD (warning order) / commander’s estimate
If the WARNORD contains the deployment of forces, __________ authorization is required.
SecDef’s
A __________ is a planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development before the directing authority approves a military COA.
PLANORD (planning order)
An __________ is a planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development after the directing authority approves a military COA.
ALERTORD (alert order)
Which one does NOT authorize execution of the approved COA?
ALERTORD (alert order)
An __________ is a directive to implement an approved military CONOPS
EXORD (execution order)
Who can authorize the CJCS to issue an execute order (EXORD)?
Only the President or the SecDef
An __________ is a directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation.
OPORD (Operation order)
A __________ is a modification to any previously issued order.
FRAGORD (fragmentary order)
A ___________ is issued as needed to change an existing order or to execute a branch or sequel of an existing OPORD
FRAGORD (fragmentary order)
It provides brief and specific directions that address only those parts of the original order that have changed.
FRAGORD (fragmentary order)
