DOC 4444 Air Traffic Management Flashcards
The objectives of ATS safety management are to ensure that:
a) the established level of safety applicable to the provision of ATS within an airspace or at an aerodrome is met;
and
b) safety-related enhancements are implemented whenever necessary.
Area control service shall be provided:
a) by an area control centre (ACC); or
b) by the unit providing approach control service in a control zone or in a control area of limited extent which is
designated primarily for the provision of approach control service, when no ACC is established.
4.
Approach control service shall be provided:
a) by an aerodrome control tower or an ACC, when it is necessary or desirable to combine under the responsibility
of one unit the functions of the approach control service and those of the aerodrome control service or the area
control service; or
b) by an approach control unit, when it is necessary or desirable to establish a separate unit.
Note.— Approach control service may be provided by a unit collocated with an ACC, or by a control sector within an
ACC.
4.
Aerodrome control service shall be provided by
an aerodrome control tower.
Arriving aircraft. Control of an arriving aircraft shall be transferred from the unit providing approach
control service to the unit providing aerodrome control service when the aircraft:
a) is in the vicinity of the aerodrome, and
1) it is considered that approach and landing will be completed in visual reference to the ground, or
2) has reached uninterrupted visual meteorological conditions, or
b) is at a prescribed point or level, or
c) has landed
Departing aircraft. Control of a departing aircraft shall be transferred from the unit providing aerodrome
control service to the unit providing approach control service:
a) when visual meteorological conditions prevail in the vicinity of the aerodrome:
1) prior to the time the aircraft leaves the vicinity of the aerodrome,
2) prior to the aircraft entering instrument meteorological conditions, or
3) when the aircraft is at a prescribed point or level,
Flight plans shall not be submitted more than
120 hours before the estimated off-block time of a flight.
in excess of the estimated off-block time for a controlled flight or a
delay of one hour for an uncontrolled flight for which a flight plan has been submitted, the flight plan should be amended
or a new flight plan submitted and the old flight plan cancelled, whichever is applicable.
In the event of a delay of 30 minutes
The flight crew shall read back to the air traffic controller safety-related parts of ATC clearances and
instructions which are transmitted by voice. The following items shall always be read back:
a) ATC route clearances;
b) clearances and instructions to enter, land on, take off from, hold short of, cross, taxi and backtrack on any
runway; and
c) runway-in-use, altimeter settings, SSR codes, level instructions, heading and speed instructions and, whether
issued by the controller or contained in automatic terminal information service (ATIS) broadcasts, transition
levels.
Note.— If the level of an aircraft is reported in relation to standard pressure 1 013.2 hPa, the words “FLIGHT
LEVEL” precede the level figures. If the level of the aircraft is reported in relation to QNH/QFE, the figures are followed
by the word “METRES” or “FEET”, as appropriate
speed adjustments should be expressed in multiples of 0.01 Mach At levels at or above
7 600 m (FL 250)
Speed reductions to less than 460 km/h (250 kt) IAS for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from cruising
level should be applied only
with the concurrence of the flight crew.
Speed control should not be applied to aircraft after passing a point
7 km (4 NM) from the threshold on final
approach.
On routes not defined by designated significant points, position reports shall be made by the aircraft as
soon as possible after the first
half hour of flight and at hourly intervals thereafter, except as provided in 4.11.1.3.
Additional reports at shorter intervals of time may be requested by the appropriate ATS unit.
The position reports required by 4.11.1.1 and 4.11.1.2 shall contain the following elements of information
a) aircraft identification;
b) position;
c) time;
d) flight level or altitude, including passing level and cleared level if not maintaining the cleared level;
e) next position and time over; and
f) ensuing significant point.
Aircraft flying on the same track:
a) 15 minutes (see Figure 5-10); or
b) 10 minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed (see Figure 5-11); or
c) 5 minutes in the following cases, provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed
of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft (see Figure 5-12):
1) between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome;
2) between en-route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point;
3) between departing and en-route aircraft after the en-route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in
relation to the departure point as to ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point the
departing aircraft will join the air route; or
d) 3 minutes in the cases listed under c) provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true
airspeed of 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft (see Figure 5-13).
When the Mach number technique is applied and provided that:
a) the aircraft concerned have reported over the same common point and follow the same track or continuously
diverging tracks until some other form of separation is provided; or
b) if the aircraft have not reported over the same common point and it is possible to ensure, by radar, ADS-B or
other means, that the appropriate time interval will exist at the common point from which they either follow the
same track or continuously diverging tracks;
Essential traffic information shall include:
a) direction of flight of aircraft concerned;
b) type and wake turbulence category (if relevant) of aircraft concerned;
c) cruising level of aircraft concerned; and
1) estimated time over the reporting point nearest to where the level will be crossed; or 2) relative bearing of the aircraft concerned in terms of the 12-hour clock as well as distance from the
conflicting traffic; or
3) actual or estimated position of the aircraft concerned.
Standard clearances for departing aircraft shall contain the following items:
a) aircraft identification;
b) clearance limit, normally destination aerodrome;
c) designator of the assigned SID, if applicable;
d) cleared level;
e) allocated SSR code;
f) any other necessary instructions or information not contained in the SID description, e.g. instructions relating to
change of frequency.
An IFR flight shall not be cleared for an initial approach below the appropriate minimum altitude as
specified by the State concerned nor to descend below that altitude unless:
a) the pilot has reported passing an appropriate point defined by a navigation aid or as a waypoint; or
b) the pilot reports that the aerodrome is and can be maintained in sight; or
c) the aircraft is conducting a visual approach; or
d) the controller has determined the aircraft’s position by the use of an ATS surveillance system, and a lower
minimum altitude has been specified for use when providing ATS surveillance services.
if no clearance to land has been received from the procedural controller by the time the aircraft reaches a
distance of 4 km (2 NM) from touchdown or
such other distance as has been agreed with the aerodrome
control tower;
Emergency descent
The pilot shall take the following steps as soon as practicable in the order appropriate for the circumstance:
a) navigate as deemed appropriate by the pilot;
b) advise the appropriate ATS unit of the emergency descent and, if able, intentions;
c) set transponder to Code 7700 and, if applicable, select the appropriate emergency mode on ADS-B and/or
ADS-C;
d) turn on aircraft exterior lights (commensurate with appropriate operating limitations);
e) watch for conflicting traffic both visually and by reference to ACAS (if equipped); and
f) when emergency descent is complete, coordinate further intentions with the appropriate ATS unit.
