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Microbiology II > DNA viruses > Flashcards

DNA viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA Virus Families (6)

A
  • Parvoviridae
  • Poxviridae
  • Hepadnoviridae
  • Herpesviridae
  • Adenoviridae
  • Papoviridae
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2
Q

Parvoviruses

A

smallest, 2 protein genome
-linear - ssDNA
Pathogen: Parvovirus B19- “Fifth Disease”

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3
Q

Parvovirus B19 (classification, disease, symptoms)

A

Parvoviridae- -ssDNA

  • Causes Fifth Disease: common childhood infection with fever/rash (erythema infectiosum, cheeks–>arms, transient anemia.
  • Can also cause first trimester spontaneous abortions
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4
Q

Papovaviruses

A
  • named for main- papilloma, polyoma, simian vacuolating

- dsDNA, need host cell machinery, replicate in nucleus

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5
Q

HPV (classification, symptoms, cancer link and mechanism)

A

Papovavirus, dsDNA

  • replicate in epithelial cells, keep proliferating so form condylomata (warts)
  • Cervical cancer- can occur if viral genes integrate, early genes continuously expressed (E6 binds p53, preventing apoptosis, E7 binds Rb, allowing free E2F and continuous DNA replication)
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6
Q

Adenoviruses

A

E1A, E1B drive continuous cell replication (like HPV)

-many asymptomatic, symptomatic include respiratory infection, conjunctivitis, GI, febrile pharyngitis. NO CANCER

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7
Q

Poxviruses (replication, viruses)

A

largest human viruses

  • replicate in cytoplasm (since carry all enzymes- other DNA viruses do in nucleus)
  • includes smallpox, vaccinia, molluscum contagiosum
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8
Q

Smallpox (disease, symptoms, transmission, hallmark histopathology)

A

Vaccinia major, minor confers resistance. Respiratory/fomite transfer

  • viremia, infects macrophages
  • fever, malaise
  • rash on oral cavity/body: macules/papules/vesicles/pustules/scab/scar (pox). Occurs at once rather than waves (varicella), and extremities–>trunk (varicella opposite)
  • inclusions: Garnieri bodies
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9
Q

Herpesviruses (hallmark morphology, replication mechanism, immune evasion, viruses (8))

A
  • linear dsDNA, toroid in cell. Virus assembled in nucleus, remains latent in host. IE, DE, Late proteins sequentially activate.
  • “Fried Egg” appearance
  • inhibit cytokine/IFN activity, decrease MHC I, block apoptosis
  • enveloped, unlike other DNA viruses
  • Herpes Simplex 1 (oral)
  • Herpes Simplex 2 (genital)
  • Varicella-Zoster (chicken pox/shingles)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (mono)
  • Human Herpesvirus 6
  • Human Herpesvirus 7
  • Human Herpesvirus 8
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10
Q

Alphaherpesviruses (Viruses (3), characteristics)

A

HSV1, HSV2, Varicella-Zoster
-short reproductive cycle, fast spread, latent in SENSORY GANGLIA, destruction of infected cells (causing stuff like ulcers/rash)

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11
Q

Betaherpesviruses (Viruses (3), characteristics)

A

CMV, HHV6, HHV7

-long reproductive cycle, slow infection. Latent IN MONOCYTES. Infected cells can enlarge, syncytia

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12
Q

Gammaherpesviruses (Viruses (2), characteristics)

A

HHV8, Epstein-Barr

-infections specific to T/B cells, Latent IN LYMPH TISSUE

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13
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (disease, symptoms)

A

Alphaherpesvirus

  • oral herpes. Causes herpetic gingivostomasis (cold sores), keratoconjunctivitis (eye cold sore), Herpes Simplex encephalitis (in infants/immunosuppressed
  • in both 1/2, virus spread to neurons, local latent/active infection (sores in one spot)
  • see focal necrosis, multinuclear giant cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies
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14
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus 2

A

-Alphaherpesvirus
Genital herpes
-can cause neonatal herpes (potentially lethal)

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15
Q

Latency Associated Transcripts (LATs)

A

Viral mRNA transcripts, binds ICPO to prevent viral gene expression, causing latency. Stress, activators cause exit from latency

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16
Q

Varicella-Zoster virus

A

Alphaherpesvirus
-respiratory secretion, systemic virus causing itching skin rash (3-5 days after infected) that spreads in waves. latent in many sensory ganglia (unlike HSV1/2, local)

17
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (disease, symptoms, hallmark)

A

Betaherpesvirus

  • asymptomatic infection
  • salivary gland infection of newborns (cognitive defects)/immunosuppressed
  • Mono-like symptoms (fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly)
  • spread by body fluids, latent in leukocytes
  • No destruction of cells (ß-herpesvirus), form multinucleated “owl” cell
18
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus (disease, symptoms, cancer risk, transmission, hallmark findings, diagnosis)

A
  • Causes mononucleosis
  • associated with cancers- burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • transmitted by saliva, infects lymphocytes and latent in B-cells, shed virus forever
  • no cytopathic effects/inclusion bodies, but can cause B-cells to proliferate. Hallmark heteroclonal antibodies, Downy Cells (atypical lymphocytes= activated t-cells –>kill proliferating B-cells.
  • Diagnose with Paul-Bunnell test (Monospot). See antiviral capsid antigen early, antiEBV nuclear antigen later
19
Q

Herpesvirus 6

A
  • betaherpesvirus
  • Causes roseola (6th disease) in newborns- 3 day fever, erythematous rash, spontaneously resolves. Transplacental infection
  • life-threatening opportunistic infection in AIDS patients since targets CD4
  • latent in T-cells - asymptomatic reactivation
20
Q

Herpesvirus 8 (disease, symptoms)

A

Gammaherpesvirus

-cause kaposi’s sarcoma: mainly in AIDS patients - body cavity lymphomas, inhibits T-cell response

Microbiology II (7 decks)

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