DNA Unit

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

What are the 2 reasons why DNA is unique?

Answer 2

DNA has 2 strands, every person has a different set.

Question 3

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 5

What are Purines?

Answer 5

Two Ringed / Adenine, Guanine

Question 6

What are Pyrimidines

Answer 6

One ringed / Thymine, Cytosine

Question 7

Which 4 scientists discovered the double helix and what year?

Answer 7

Franklin, Crick, Wilkins, Watson (1953)

Question 8

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

Answer 8

found that the ratios of AT and GC are equal (Amount of A = Amount of T)

Question 9

Backbone of DNA is made of…

Answer 9

Deoxyribose and phosphate groups

Question 10

What holds the DNA molecule together?

Answer 10

Hydrogen bond between the nucleotides

Question 11

What enzyme unzips the strands in DNA replication?

Answer 11

DNA Helicase

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

(Transfer RNA), found in cytoplasm, bonds to specific amino acids, carries acid to ribosomes.

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

(Messenger RNA) found in the nucleus, then moves to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Single uncoiled chain - carries info, dna, from the nucleus to cytoplasm.

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

forms ribosomes which are essential for protein synthesis, most common, least understood.

Question 15

What are 4 differences between RNA and DNA?

Answer 15

DNA has 2 strands present, RNA had 1
DNA is 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), RNA is just Ribose
DNA’s Nitrogen bases are ATCG, RNA AUGC

Question 16

What is transcription? Where does it occur in the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm)?

Answer 16

The process of cloning DNA into RNA to make proteins, occurs in the nucleus

Question 17

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 17

RNA polymerase.

Question 18

How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?

Answer 18

Pores in the nucleus.

Question 19

What are introns and exons?

Answer 19

INtron is the extra or non coding sequence
EXtron is the coding sequence or used

Question 20

What is the universal start codon and what amino acid does it code for?

Answer 20

methionine

Question 21

What are the 3 stop codons?

Answer 21

Serine valine alanine

Question 21

What is translation? Where does it occur in the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm)?

Answer 21

Where the rna is translated into codons or amino acids that make up the protein synthesis located in the cytoplasm.

Question 22

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called ____

Answer 22

Point mutations

Question 23

Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes are known as _____

Answer 23

Chromosomal mutations

Question 24

In what way(s), if any, do most mutations change organisms?

Answer 24

hair color, skin color, height, shape, behavior, and susceptibility to disease

Question 25

What are the 3 types of substitution?

Answer 25

Missense mutation - changes the amino acid
Silent mutation - Does not change the amino acid
Nonsense mutation - Amino acid changes to a stop codon

Question 26

What are the 4 examples of chromosomal mutations? Explain each.

Answer 26

Deletion -
Duplication -
Inversion -
Translocation -