Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
What are the two reasons why cells have to divide?
Cell has trouble moving necessary items across cell membrane (Cell surface area ratio too big)
DNA Overload
Explain what DNA overload means
The larger the cell becomes the more demands the cell places on the DNA.
In a living cell, what part of the cell represents surface area and which part of the cell represents volume?
Cell membrane is Surface Area, and Cytoplasm is Cell Volume
What are some adaptations that cells have developed that allow for a greater surface area volume ratio?
Divide, Slow down metabolism, or Change Shape
Cell division occurs in two main stages. What are they?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
What is the cell cycle?
The process of cell division that cells go through
What are the 4 stages of the cell cycle?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Explain each stage of the cell cycle.
G1 Phase: Growth stage where cell grows larger and its contents are duplicated
S Phase: Replication of the Chromosomes
G2 Phase: Cell grows more organelles and proteins in order to prepare for mitosis
Mitosis: Process of the cell dividing
Cytokinesis: Physical cell splits into 2 daughter cells
What is the G0 stage? Give 3 examples of cells that, once matured in the G1 phase, enter the G0 stage indefinitely.
G0 stage is when the cell doesn’t divide. (Ex: Sperm, Egg cells, red blood cells)
Cells spend most of their lifetime in what stage? What 3 phases of the cell cycle does this include?
Interphase
What are the four stages of mitosis, in order?
Phrophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Briefly describe what happens in each of the four stages of mitosis. *Be able to identify the stage of mitosis being shown in a picture.
Prophase: First stage of cell division, chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope disintegrates,
Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell, 2 seperate receptor sites
Anaphase: Chromosomes separate into 2 separate spindles.
Telophase: Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell and 2 new nuclear envelopes are formed.
Briefly explain how six feet of DNA is packed into the nucleus of every cell of our body! Use the terms: histone, nucleosome, chromatin, loosely coiled, supercoiled
DNA coils around Histone about 1.65 times, which then coils around 8 histones making one nucleosome, which then coils all of those nucleosomes tightly together into a supercoil which forms a chromosome.
How many chromosomes are found in human body cells? How many chromosomes are found in human sex cells (egg and sperm)?
46 : 23
What is the name of the proteins that regulate the cell cycle
Cyclins/Regulatory Cells
