DNA Trancription And Translation. Flashcards
Describe the flow of genetic information.
DNA to RNA to central dogma.
How is DNA replicated.
During DNA replication, the two strands if DNA unwind breaking the hydrogen bond between base pairs. Each parental strand serves as a base template for the new strand of DNA. The new strand is determined by complimentary base pairing. New strand is identical to the old strand.
Name two differences between RNA and DNA
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
RNA uses uracil instead of thymine
Describe how a molecule of RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template
RNA is synthesized by the template strand by RNA polymerase from 5’-3’ end starting at a promoter and ending at the terminator. Transcribes the DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides
Explain how the structure of RNA relates to its function
RNA is reactive because it contains 2’ hydroxyl group, making it a better catalyst
The three dimensional structure also contributed to this fact
What is a phostphodiester bond
Links the nucleotides together through covalent binds between the 5’ carbon to the 3’ carbon.
Describe griffiths study
Virulent and non virulent strains of pneumonia
Heat killed bacteria could move from non virulent to virulent.
Proteins are usually degraded by heat but not bacteria.
Who discovered the structure of DNA
Watson and crick.
Describe the orientation of the 2 strands and the direction of the DNA synthesis
DNA is anti parallel. 3’ end of 1 strand is opposite the 5’ end of the other. Nucleotides are added to the 3’ end making it a 5’-3’ growth
Name an describe three mechanisms of RNA processing in eukaryotes and explain their function
5’ cap- allows the mRNA strand to be recognized by the ribosome complex
Ploy A tail- stability during export to the cytoplasm
Splicing
What are several types of no coding RNA
tRNA rRNA SnRNA miRNA siRNA
What is the function of tRNA
Reads the mRNA and contains the anticodon to pair with the codon on the mRNA sequence
Carries one amino acid each
What is the among acid that “reloads” tRNA?
Amino acetyl tRNA synthetase
How is translation terminated?
A stop codon is reached and a release factor binds instead of tRNA and the protein is released.
What is a proteins primary structure?
Order of AAs
What is a proteins secondary structure?
H-bonds between backbone atoms.
What is a proteins tertiary structure?
Bonding between R-groups
What is a proteins quaternary structure?
More than one polypeptide chain.
