Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is catabolism?
The breaking down complex molecules to simpler ones releasing stored energy
What does metabolism do
The energy resource of the cell.
What is anabolism?
The building of complex molecules from simpler ones witch required energy input
How do we renew our stock of ATP?
By breaking down the energy found in C-H bonds. This occurs this the presence of oxygen
In what way is energy released from molecules?
Taking the energy from chemical bonds. Done using reduction and oxidation reaction
How is an atom reduced?
By the addition of electrons
How is an atom oxidized?
Loss of electrons
How is energy released during cellular respiration?
Energy is released when electrons move away from carbon and towards the other atoms
Show the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
CnH2nOn ( reduced) +O2➡️CO2 ( oxidized) + H2O and energy.
What are the steps in aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis
Acetyl CoA synthesis
TCA cycle
ETC
What is glycolysis?
10 step pathway in which glucose is the input molecule and is partially oxidized and cleaved into 2 pyruvate molecules
Net gain- 2 ATP and 2 NADH
Pyruvate enters mitochondria and releases CO2 producing CoA
What is CoA synthesis?
CoA enters matrix of mitochondria and is the input of the TCA cycle in which carbon is oxidized.
Net gain- 6NADH, 1FADH, 1ATP Per glucose
What is the first part of the ETC?
This is where most of the energy is released from NADH and FADH
NADH and FADH transfer electrons to protein complexes on the mitochondrial membrane. Electrons move to each protein. More energy is released as the electron draws closer to an atom- each acceptor is more and more electromotive. The final electron acceptor is oxygen.
What happens during oxidative phosphorylation
The energy released in the ETC is used to create a H+ gradient in the inter membrane space of the mito. When H+ moved down the gradient and enters the matrix, the ATP Synthase harvests the energy to make ATP from ADP and free phosphates.
How is metabolism regulated?
By both positive and negative feedback
ATP And AMP are used to regulate enzyme activity
ATP can also alloserically bind to PFK and inhibit its activity via non competitive inhibition- AMP can bind to activate it.
Describe fermentation
A anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate created during glycolysis is used to recycle the NADH produced during glycolsys. When pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH is becomes ethanol in prokaryotes and lactic acid in eukaryotes.
Net gain- 2 ATP
What is the net gain of cellular respiration?
6CO2
6H2O
32 ATP
