DNA to proteins Flashcards
proteome
protein content
central dogma of molecular biology
DNA-> RNA-> proteins
DNA
repository of genetic information
mRNA
involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation
how do you get mRNA from DNA
transcription
how do you get protein from mRNA
translational
where does protein synthesis occur?
in the cytoplasm on ribosomes (consists of a large and small subunit)
what are exceptions to the central dogma of molecular biology?
retroviruses
DNA methylation
prions
draw deoxyribose
see notes
draw ribose
see notes
compare DNA and RNA
DNA has deoxyribose RNA has ribose
DNA has a double helix RNA is single-stranded
DNA has AGCT bases RNA has AGUC bases
transcription
produces one RNA molecule that is complementary to a specific DNA filament: catalysed by RNA polymerase
exons
coding regions of a gene
introns
non coding, regulatory regions fo a gene between exons
what is the percentage of DNA sequence that is exons??
1.5%
post transcription modification
the primary RNA transcript will be processed to get rid of introns to form mature mRNA
genetic code
we have 4^3 64 possible combinations: more combinations than amino acids
what codes for amino acids
triplets in the DNA
why is the genetic code redundant?
there are more possible base combinations than different amino acids
tRNA
a small RNA molecule that deciphers the message and translates the mRNA into proteins
areas of tRNA
- a trinucleotide region- anticodon-> complementary to a sequence on the DNA
- a region for attaching a specific aa
what happens in translation when each time an aa is added?
a tRNA molecule forms base pairs with its complementary sequence on the mRNA molecule
where can you find ribosomes?
you can find them free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum
