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Biology OFAs > DNA to proteins > Flashcards

DNA to proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

proteome

A

protein content

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2
Q

central dogma of molecular biology

A

DNA-> RNA-> proteins

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3
Q

DNA

A

repository of genetic information

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4
Q

mRNA

A

involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation

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5
Q

how do you get mRNA from DNA

A

transcription

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6
Q

how do you get protein from mRNA

A

translational

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7
Q

where does protein synthesis occur?

A

in the cytoplasm on ribosomes (consists of a large and small subunit)

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8
Q

what are exceptions to the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

retroviruses
DNA methylation
prions

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9
Q

draw deoxyribose

A

see notes

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10
Q

draw ribose

A

see notes

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11
Q

compare DNA and RNA

A

DNA has deoxyribose RNA has ribose
DNA has a double helix RNA is single-stranded
DNA has AGCT bases RNA has AGUC bases

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12
Q

transcription

A

produces one RNA molecule that is complementary to a specific DNA filament: catalysed by RNA polymerase

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13
Q

exons

A

coding regions of a gene

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14
Q

introns

A

non coding, regulatory regions fo a gene between exons

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15
Q

what is the percentage of DNA sequence that is exons??

A

1.5%

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16
Q

post transcription modification

A

the primary RNA transcript will be processed to get rid of introns to form mature mRNA

17
Q

genetic code

A

we have 4^3 64 possible combinations: more combinations than amino acids

18
Q

what codes for amino acids

A

triplets in the DNA

19
Q

why is the genetic code redundant?

A

there are more possible base combinations than different amino acids

20
Q

tRNA

A

a small RNA molecule that deciphers the message and translates the mRNA into proteins

21
Q

areas of tRNA

A
  1. a trinucleotide region- anticodon-> complementary to a sequence on the DNA
  2. a region for attaching a specific aa
22
Q

what happens in translation when each time an aa is added?

A

a tRNA molecule forms base pairs with its complementary sequence on the mRNA molecule

23
Q

where can you find ribosomes?

A

you can find them free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

Biology OFAs (6 decks)

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