DNA to Protein Flashcards
why does the video says that in “most human cells” there is a structure called nucleus?
Because most of our body cells are Eukaryotic cells, therefore some are not. For example: blood cells don’t have a nucleus
What does the nucleus of a cell contain?
The genome
What is the genome?
a genome is the whole genetic information of an organism
What is gene?
A gene is a piece of dna in which codes for something. A gene is a locus on the dna
what is the difference between genome and gene?
Genome is the complete genetic information of an organism while a gene is a locus on the DNA that codes for something. Genome is the complete DNA while genes are parts of a DNA
Genomes are split into how many parts in the nucleus? Into what are they divided to?
The genome is split into 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
what are the strands of DNA from chromosomes titly packaged on?
The strands of DNA are titly packaged around proteins called histones
What are histones?
They are the proteins in which the strands of DNA from chromosomes are tittly packaged around
what do genes contain?
Genes contain the instructions for making proteins
What is the process of transcription?
It is when a gene is switched on, an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the start of the gene. It moves along the DNA making a strand of messenger RNA out of free bases in the nucleus. The DNA code determines the order in which the free bases are added to the messenger RNA. This process is called Transcription.
What happens to the mRNA before it can be used as a template for the production of proteins?
The mRNA needs to be processed. This involves removing and adding sections of RNA.
Where does the mRNA moves into after getting out of the nucleus?
The cytoplasm
What are ribosomes?
Protein factories in the cytoplasm
what is the process of making a protein?
The ribosomes bind to the mRNA. The ribosome reads the code in the mRNA to produce a chain made up of amino acids. TRNA carry the amino acids to the ribosome. The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time. As each triplet is read, a tRNA delivers the corresponding amino acid. This is added to a growing chain of amino acids. Once the last amino acid has been added, the chain folds into a complex 3D shape to form the protein.
How many types of amino acids do we have?
23 types of amino acids
