DNA Test Flashcards
What did Freidrich Miecher do and when?
1869 - Isolated the material inside the nucleus & called it nucleic acid
What did Phoebus Levene do and when?
1900’s - Studied nucleic acid, found 2 types of acids in the nucleus that differed by 1 sugar (DNA/RNA)
What did Frederick Griffith do and when?
1928 - Experimented with mice and 2 types of pneumonia & discovered the transforming principal.
What did Pheobus Levene incorrectly conclude?
That Nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule were found in equal parts.
What did Avery, Maclead, & Mccarty do and when?
1944 - Took Griffiths research after he died & found that DNA was the transforming principal.
What did Hershey & Chase do and when?
1952 - Did a blender experiment that proved that the DNA passed on to one cell from another is not the protein.
Chargaff’s rule
That nucleotide A-T/C-G are not in equal amounts in the DNA.
This creates variation within a species.
What is DNA’s sugar
Deoxyribose
What is RNA’s sugar
Ribose
What does antiparallel mean
The lines move in opposite directions from each other.
What direction does DNA synthesize in?
DNA is always synthesized in the 5’-to-3’ direction by adding new nucleotides when creating a new DNA model.
What is a human genome?
Entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell.
What are the 4 stages of DNA replication?
1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination
4) Proofreading
What is initiation in DNA Replication?
Start - Enzyme helicase unwinds a portion of the DNA helix.
What is Elongation in DNA Replication?
DNA polymerase adds many bases to make a new strand from the template
What is Termination in DNA Replication?
Stop - the code at the end of the original strand that codes for stop.
That’s how DNA knows to stop adding new bases.
What is proof-reading in DNA Replication?
DNA polymerase goes back to check over it’s work to look for mistakes.
How does DNA make protein?
MRNA goes to get the message from DNA and writes it down, than translates the code
Ribosomes & TRNA help to make the protein by transferring amino acids.
What is a protein?
A string of amino acids.
What are the kinds of mutations?
1) Genetic (can be passed on)
2) Non- genetic (cant be passed on)
What are the types of mutations?
1) Point mutations
2) Chromosomal mutation
Occurs on a particular point of the DNA strand.
Point mutation
Occurs during division of the cell, you either gain an extra chromosome, one less chromosome, part of a chromosome missing, or chromosomes are duplicated.
Chromosomal mutation
How many strands in a DNA molecule
2 linked strands
How many strands in a RNA molecule
1 (single stranded)
Where is DNA located in the cell
Nucleus & mitochondria
Where is RNA located in the cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome
