DNA Test

Question 1

What did Freidrich Miecher do and when?

Answer 1

1869 - Isolated the material inside the nucleus & called it nucleic acid

Question 2

What did Phoebus Levene do and when?

Answer 2

1900’s - Studied nucleic acid, found 2 types of acids in the nucleus that differed by 1 sugar (DNA/RNA)

Question 3

What did Frederick Griffith do and when?

Answer 3

1928 - Experimented with mice and 2 types of pneumonia & discovered the transforming principal.

Question 4

What did Pheobus Levene incorrectly conclude?

Answer 4

That Nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule were found in equal parts.

Question 5

What did Avery, Maclead, & Mccarty do and when?

Answer 5

1944 - Took Griffiths research after he died & found that DNA was the transforming principal.

Question 6

What did Hershey & Chase do and when?

Answer 6

1952 - Did a blender experiment that proved that the DNA passed on to one cell from another is not the protein.

Question 7

Chargaff’s rule

Answer 7

That nucleotide A-T/C-G are not in equal amounts in the DNA.
This creates variation within a species.

Question 8

What is DNA’s sugar

Answer 8

Deoxyribose

Question 9

What is RNA’s sugar

Answer 9

Ribose

Question 10

What does antiparallel mean

Answer 10

The lines move in opposite directions from each other.

Question 11

What direction does DNA synthesize in?

Answer 11

DNA is always synthesized in the 5’-to-3’ direction by adding new nucleotides when creating a new DNA model.

Question 12

What is a human genome?

Answer 12

Entire set of genetic instructions found in a cell.

Question 13

What are the 4 stages of DNA replication?

Answer 13

1) Initiation
2) Elongation
3) Termination
4) Proofreading

Question 14

What is initiation in DNA Replication?

Answer 14

Start - Enzyme helicase unwinds a portion of the DNA helix.

Question 15

What is Elongation in DNA Replication?

Answer 15

DNA polymerase adds many bases to make a new strand from the template

Question 16

What is Termination in DNA Replication?

Answer 16

Stop - the code at the end of the original strand that codes for stop.
That’s how DNA knows to stop adding new bases.

Question 17

What is proof-reading in DNA Replication?

Answer 17

DNA polymerase goes back to check over it’s work to look for mistakes.

Question 18

How does DNA make protein?

Answer 18

MRNA goes to get the message from DNA and writes it down, than translates the code
Ribosomes & TRNA help to make the protein by transferring amino acids.

Question 19

What is a protein?

Answer 19

A string of amino acids.

Question 20

What are the kinds of mutations?

Answer 20

1) Genetic (can be passed on)
2) Non- genetic (cant be passed on)

Question 21

What are the types of mutations?

Answer 21

1) Point mutations
2) Chromosomal mutation

Question 22

Occurs on a particular point of the DNA strand.

Answer 22

Point mutation

Question 23

Occurs during division of the cell, you either gain an extra chromosome, one less chromosome, part of a chromosome missing, or chromosomes are duplicated.

Answer 23

Chromosomal mutation

Question 24

How many strands in a DNA molecule

Answer 24

2 linked strands

Question 25

How many strands in a RNA molecule

Answer 25

1 (single stranded)

Question 26

Where is DNA located in the cell

Answer 26

Nucleus & mitochondria

Question 27

Where is RNA located in the cell

Answer 27

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome