DNA Structure and DNA Sequencing Flashcards
What type of molecule is ATP?
This molecule is a nucleotide.
Adenine is a base, which becomes a nucleoside called _________ when added to a 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose.
Adenosine is formed when…
The three basic components of a nucleotide are…
Phosphate(s), a ribose sugar, a base
Which of the 4 DNA bases is found only in DNA and nowhere else?
Thymine is found only in DNA and nowhere else.
What is the difference between ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and dATP (deoxyadenosine triphosphate)?
dATP does not have a hydroxyl group attached to its 2’ carbon, while ATP does.
Given the slight compositional difference between ATP and dATP, ATP is known as a ribonucleotide while dATP is known as…
dATP is a deoxyribonucleotide.
Which base is normally found only in RNA?
Uracil is a base normally found only in…
What type of bases are guanine and adenine?
These bases are purines.
What type of bases are cytosine, thymine, and uracil?
cYtosine, thYmine, and (Y)uracil are pYrimidine bases!
What are the three types of DNA conformations (structures)?
B-DNA, A-DNA, Z-DNA
What does it mean if a helix is right-handed or left-handed?
Upon imagining a DNA helix as a winding staircase, a left-handed DNA helix is one which becomes a staircase whose railing you would use with your left hand, and vice versa with a right-handed DNA helix.
Z-DNA most obviously differs from B-DNA and A-DNA in what way?
Z-DNA is a left-handed helix.
What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?
A nucleoside is composed only of a (deoxy)ribose sugar and a base, while a nucleotide contains an added phosphate group(s)
What is the difference between a ribose sugar and a deoxyribose sugar?
A ribose sugar has two hydroxyl groups, one attached to the 2’ carbon and another attached to the 3’ carbon, while deoxyribose is the same but missing the oxygen attached to the 2’ carbon
As a result of having an additional oxygen compared to DNA, RNA is…
This nucleotide polymer is more reactive and functionally versatile, able to form a wide variety of three dimensional structures.
