DNA structure Flashcards
How does “double helix” describe the shape of DNA or double stranded DNA?
The two strands of the DNA molecule are twisted around each other in a spiral, like a twisted ladder, creating a three-dimensional structure. The double helix structure of DNA is important for its function, as it allows the molecule to replicate itself during cell division, and to store and transmit genetic information.
What is the monomer of the DNA polymer?
The monomer of DNA polymer is a nucleotide.
What are the three parts of the nucleotide?
A nucleotide is composed of three parts: a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine), a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.
Name the four nitrogen bases found in DNA
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of DNA and are responsible for encoding genetic information
Which part of the nucleotide differentiates one nucleotide from another and accounts for genetic variation between individuals?
The nitrogenous base, which is one of the three components of a nucleotide, differentiates one nucleotide from another and accounts for genetic variation between individuals. The sequence of nitrogenous bases along the DNA molecule determines the genetic code, and any variation in this sequence can lead to differences in genetic information between individuals.
What is Chargaff’s rule?
Chargaff’s rule is a principle that states that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C). In other words, the base pairs of DNA always pair up in a specific way: A with T, and G with C
DNA strands are “complimentary”, what does that mean?
The term “complementary” in the context of DNA refers to the specific pairing of the four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). The complementary nature of the two strands also means that the sequence of one strand can be used to reconstruct the sequence of the other strand, which is important for a variety of molecular biology techniques, including DNA sequencing and PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
What makes your DNA unique to you?
Your DNA is unique to you because it contains the specific sequence of nitrogenous bases that make up your genetic code. This sequence is determined by the specific combination of DNA inherited from your parents. Although many parts of the DNA sequence are the same between individuals, there are also many variations or differences that make each person’s DNA unique.
What is the hereditary material?
The hereditary material refers to the genetic material that is passed down from one generation to the next and is responsible for the transmission of traits and characteristics from parents to offspring. This material is encoded in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule, which is the molecule that carries the genetic information in most living organisms.
