DNA & RNA Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleotide

A

The basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

-Consists of a phosphate group, nitrogenous base, sugar

Purines: double ring structure (Adenine and Guanine)

Pyrimidines: single ring structure (Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine)

The base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds
-A & T have two hydrogen bonds
-C & G have three hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Primary source of heritable information
(genetic information is stored in and passed from one generation to the next through DNA)

Double stranded helix
-Backbone (outside): sugar-phosphate
-Center (inside): nucleotides pairing

Strands are antiparallel
-One strand runs 5’ to 3’ and other strand runs 3’ to 5’ upside direction
-5’ end: free phosphate group
-3’ end: free hydroxyl group

Codons: Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

A

Primary source of heritable information in some viruses

Single stranded

Codons: Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotic DNA

A

-Found in the nucleus
-Linear chromosomes (contains terminal ends)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotic DNA

A

-Found in nuclei of region
-Circular chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plamids

A

Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomes

-Prokaryotes (some eukaryotes) contain plasmids
-Plasmids replicate independently from chromosomal DNA
-Contains genes that may be useful to prokaryote when it is in a particular environment, but may not be required for survival

Conjugation: Bacteria can exchange genes found on plasmids with neighboring bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly