DNA + RNA Flashcards
1
Q
3 differences between RNA and DNA
A
- RNA is single stranded but DNA is double stranded
- RNA contains Uracil but DNA contains Thymine
- RNA contains ribose sugar but DNA contains deoxyribose sugar
2
Q
Transcription
A
- Transcription takes place in the nucleus
- RNA polymerase forms mRNA/unwinds and unzips DNA
- base pairing occurs
- mRNA contains introns and exons
- Introns are removed and exons remain after RNA splicing
3
Q
Purpose of Promoter
A
where transcription starts
4
Q
enzyme involved in transcription
A
RNA polymerase
5
Q
What is an intron
A
non coding region of DNA
6
Q
What is an exon
A
coding regions of DNA
7
Q
Translation
A
- mRNA attaches to the ribosome
- each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acid
- mRNA has an anticodon
- Order of anticodon determines order of amino acids
- peptide bonds form between amino acids
8
Q
How often does mutations occur?
A
spontaneously and randomly but usually rarely
9
Q
What is a mutation?
A
change to the genetic structure of an organism
10
Q
What is point mutation?
A
alter the sequence of nucleotides at one point
11
Q
3 different types of point mutation
A
- substitution
- insertion
- deletion
12
Q
Deletion
A
usually a drastic or lethal effect
13
Q
Duplication
A
chromosomes have an extra set of genes
14
Q
Translocation
A
rearrangement of chromosomal material involving two or more chromosomes
15
Q
2 main factors that affect a disorder
A
- genetic
- environmental
