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HS Bio > DNA replication test > Flashcards

DNA replication test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pyrimadines

A

1 ring

cytosine and thymine

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2
Q

Purines

A

2 rings

Adenine and Guanine

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3
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between A and T?

A

2

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4
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between G and C?

A

3

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5
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinds parental double helix

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6
Q

Primase

A

synthesizes short RNA primer

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7
Q

DNA polymerase

A

links DNA nucleotides to growing daughter strand on 3’ end

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8
Q

ligase

A

links pieces together into a single DNA strand

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9
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

lagging strand in DNA replication

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10
Q

rRNA

A

work bench of protein synthesis

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11
Q

mRNA

A

carries codon that determines the order of amino acids

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12
Q

tRNA

A

picks up specific amino acids and joins with codon of mRNA

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13
Q

Introns

A

noncoding portions of the newly transcribed mRNA

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14
Q

cap

A

reception of the nucleotide cap by the 5’ end of mRNA

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15
Q

exons

A

The actual coding portions of mRNA

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16
Q

tail

A

acquiring of a poly-A tail by the maturing mRNA transcript

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17
Q

mature mRNA transcript

A

presence of cap and tail, introns snipped out and exons spliced together

18
Q

codon

A

individual base triplet in mRNA

19
Q

The Genetic Code

A

How the nucleotide sequences of DNA and then mRNA correspond to the amino acid sequence

20
Q

anticodon

A

A sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that can pair with a specific mRNA codon

21
Q

Initiation of translation

A

attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter and the start of RNA synthesis

22
Q

Elongation of translation

A

RNA strand peels away from its DNA template allowing the 2 DNA strands to come together

23
Q

Termination

A

RNA polymerase reacts a sequence of bases that signal the end of the gene

24
Q

3 stages of a growing polypeptide chain

A
  1. Codon recognition
  2. Peptide bond formation
  3. Translocation
25
Q

Codon recognition

A

The anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule pairs with the mRNA codon while carrying its amino acid

26
Q

Peptide Bond Formation

A

Polypeptide separates from tRNA and attaches by a peptide bond to the amino acid carried by the tRNA

27
Q

Translocation

A

P site tRNA leaves the ribosome, while codon and anticodon stay bonded. mRNA and tRNA move as a unit

28
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

29
Q

base substitutions

A

replacement of one nucleotide with another

30
Q

deletions and insertions

A

have disastrous effects on a sequence - alter the reading frame

31
Q

Mutagen

A

a physical or chemical agent that sources mutation

32
Q

Virus

A

a microscopic particle that consists of a nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat

33
Q

lytic cycle

A

results in the destruction of an infected cell

34
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

viral dna replication occurs while destroying the host cell

35
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

catalyzes the the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template

36
Q

How many origins of replication and replication forks are shown ins the parental and daughter strand?

A

3 origins and 6 replication forks

37
Q

Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to. . .

A

shorten the time necessary for DNA replication

38
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?

A

DNA polymerase

39
Q

Why does DNA strand grow only in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

A

DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing molecule

40
Q

Monomers of DNA and RNA

A

nucleotides

41
Q

When one DNA molecule is copied to make 2 DNA molecules, how much of the parent DNA remains?

A

50% of the parent DNA

HS Bio (3 decks)

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