DNA replication Flashcards
What are the 3 main steps to DNA replication?
- Helicase unzips DNA strand
- DNA polymerase inserts new complementary bases
- DNA polymerase proofreads the sequences, fixes errors
Why is DNA called semi conservative?
Each strand has Both an old and a new part
Semi = half
Conservative = preserving the old way
What are the five stages (in order) of mitosis?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What happens during interphase?
Chromosomes replicate
What happens during prophase?
Nuclear membrane disappears
Replicated chromosomes thicken become visible
What has to happen before mitosis?
Interphase
What happens during metaphase?
Replicated chromosomes line up on the equator
What happens during anaphase?
Chromosomes pulled to either poles as spindle fibres contract
What happens during telophase?
Chromosomes reach poles cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)
What is produced through mitosis? And what cells go through mitosis?
Two new identical cells
Somatic cells
What cells go through meiosis?
Gametes (sex cells)
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
The nucleus divides TWICE in meiosis
FOUR daughter cells are produced, all different
23 chromosomes in gametes, 46 in somatic
