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cell bio is shit > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

when and who was the double helix discovered by

A

1953, watson and crick

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2
Q

DNA

A

is the substance of inheritance. Heridetary info is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body

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3
Q

what are chromosomes made up of

A

-DNA
-protein

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4
Q

transformation

A

as a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA

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5
Q

bacteriophages/phages

A

viruses that infect bacteria used in molecular genetics research

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6
Q

double helix

A

2 complimentary anti parallel strands of DNA molecules

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7
Q

what is DNA a polymer of

A

nucleotides that each consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

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8
Q

what are the nitrogenouse

A

A- adenine
T- thinene
C- citozene
G- Guanene

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9
Q

are G and A purine or pyrimidene

A

purine

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10
Q

are T and C purine or pyrimidene

A

pyrimidene

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11
Q

semiconservative model

A

predicts that when a double helix replicates each daughter molecule replicates will have one old strand and one new strand

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11
Q

parent molecule

A

is the OG DNA strand that unwinds

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12
Q

daughter strands

A

2 new DNA strands built based on base pairing rules

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13
Q

replication fork

A

at the end of each replication bubble, a y shape region where DNA strands are elongating

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14
Q

origens of replication

A

the site in which replication begins where 2 DNA strands are separated which opens up a replication bubble

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15
Q

helicase

A

the enzyme that untwists the DNA helix at the replication for

16
Q

single strand binding protein

A

binds to and stabelizes single stranded DNA until it can be used as a template

17
Q

topoisomerase

A

corrects overwinding ahead of replication fork by breaking, swiveling, rejoing the DNA strands

18
Q

prymase

A

an enzyme which starts an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template

19
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme which catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork. It can not initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide, they require a primer and a DNA template strand, they can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end

20
Q

leading strand

A

strand moving from 3’ to 5’

21
Q

lagging strand

A

strand moving from5’ to 3’

22
Q

okazaki fragments

A

a series of fragments in which the lagging strand is synthesized

23
Q

DNA lygase

A

joins together the okazaki fragments

24
Q

DNA pol I (1)

A

removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

25
Q

DNA pol III (3)

A

using parental DNA as a template synthesizes new DNA strands by covalently adding the 3’ end of a pre existing DNA strand or RNA primer

26
Q

mismatch repair

A

repair enzymes which correct errors in base pairing

27
Q

whats the diff between bacterial chromosomes and eukariotic chromosomes

A

bacterial chromosomes are a cirucular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protien, eukariotic chromosomes have linear DNA molecules associated with a large amount of protein

28
Q

nucleotide exciosion repair

A

a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA

29
Q

nucleoid

A

the region of a bacteria cell where the DNA is found

30
Q

chromatin

A

a complex of DNA protein that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

31
Q

histones

A

proteins that are responsible for the 1st level of DNA packing in chromatin

32
Q

T. H. Morgan

A

showed that genes are located on chromosomes

33
Q

Fredrick Griffith

A

worked with 2 strains of bacterium, 1 patogenic and one harmless in order to find the genetic role of DNA

34
Q

Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarthy, and Colin MacLeod

A

announced that the transforming substance was DNA, their conclusion was based on experimental evidence that only DNA worked in transforming harmless bacteria into patheogenic bacteria

35
Q

Alfred Hershy and Martha Chase

A

performed experiments showing that DNA is the genetic material of a phage known as T2 (DNA or protein)

36
Q

Erwin Chargaff

A

reported that DNA composition varies from one species to the next. He created a rule that states that in any species there is an equal number of A anti bases and an equal number of G and C bases

37
Q

Matthew Meselson, Franklin Stahl

A

they labeled the nucleotides of the old strands with a heavy isotope of nitrogen while any new nucleotides were labeled with a lighter isotope, and they supported this semi conservative model

cell bio is shit (4 decks)

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