cell cycle and mitosis bs

Question 1

cell cycle

Answer 1

the time between a cell dividing and the daughter cells dividing (interphase and mitosis)

Question 2

cell division does what 3 things

Answer 2

• development from a fertilized egg
• growth
  -repair

Question 3

what are gametes

Answer 3

sperm and egg (reproductive cells

Question 4

what are somatic cells

Answer 4

non reproductive cells

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

all the DNA in a cell

Question 6

chromosomes

Answer 6

DNA molecules in a cell

Question 7

how many sets of chromosomes do somatic cells have

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how many sets of chromosomes do gametes have

Answer 8

1/2 as many as the somatic cells

Question 9

what is chromatin

Answer 9

a complex of DNA and protein that
condenses during cell division

Question 10

sister chromatids

Answer 10

a duplicated chromosome that separates during cell division

Question 11

centromere

Answer 11

the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

Question 12

mitosis

Answer 12

the division of the nucleus

Question 13

cytokinesis

Answer 13

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 14

what does meiosis produce

Answer 14

gametes

Question 15

when are non identical daughter cells produced

Answer 15

meiosis

Question 16

what happens in the mitotic M phase

Answer 16

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 17

what happens in interphase

Answer 17

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Question 18

G1phase

Answer 18

first gap

Question 19

S phase

Answer 19

DNA synthesis (chromosomes are dupliacted)

Question 20

G2 phase

Answer 20

second gap

Question 21

stages of mitosis

Answer 21

prophase
prometa phase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 22

mitotic spindle

Answer 22

an apparatus of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 23

centrosome

Answer 23

the microtubule organizing center

Question 24

what happens to the centrosome during prophase

Answer 24

it replicates and each one migrates to opposite ends of the cell as spindle microtubules grow out from them

Question 25

what is an aster

Answer 25

a radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome

Question 26

kinetochores

Answer 26

where the spindle microtubules attach on the chromosomes

Question 27

what moves the chromosomes

Answer 27

the microtubules that are attached to the kinetochores

Question 28

metaphase plate

Answer 28

the midway point between the spindle’s two poles

Question 29

what happens in anaphase

Answer 29

sister chromatids separate and move along the kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 30

how do the microtubules shorten

Answer 30

by depolymerizing at their kinetochore ends

Question 31

how does the cell elongate

Answer 31

nonkinetochore microtubules from opposite poles overlap and push against each other

Question 32

what happens in telophase

Answer 32

genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell

Question 33

what forms during cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 33

cleavage furrow

Question 34

what forms during cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 34

cell plate

Question 35

what is binary fission

Answer 35

how prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce

Question 36

what happens in binary fission

Answer 36

the chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication), and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart

Question 37

what drives the cell cycle

Answer 37

specific chemical signals present in the cytoplasm

Question 38

cell cycle control system

Answer 38

like a clock for the cell cycle that has specific checkpoints where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received

Question 39

what happens at the G1 checkpoint (the important one)

Answer 39

ff a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1checkpoint, it will usually complete the S, G2, and M phases and divide

Question 40

what is the G0 phase

Answer 40

a nondividing state that the cell switches into if it does not receive the go ahead signal from a checkpoint

Question 41

cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)

Answer 41

two types of regulatory proteins are involved in cell cycle control

Question 42

MPF (maturation-promoting factor)

Answer 42

a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cell’s passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Question 43

growth factors

Answer 43

external signals, such as proteins released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide

Question 44

density-dependent inhibition

Answer 44

an external signal in which crowded cells stop dividing

Question 45

what do cancer cells not inhibit

Answer 45

density-dependent inhibition nor anchorage dependence

Question 46

cancer cells do what 3 things that makes them cancerous

Answer 46

– they may make their own growth factor – they may convey a growth factor’s signal without the presence of the growth factor – they may have an abnormal cell cycle control system

Question 47

transformation

Answer 47

when a normal cell is converted to a cancerous cell

Question 48

bengin tumor

Answer 48

when abnormal cells remain at the original site

Question 49

malignant tumors

Answer 49

invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize, exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form secondary tumors