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Biology 1.5 Nucleic Acids > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main stages of cell division?

A

Nuclear division and Cytokinesis.

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2
Q

What are the two types of nuclear division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis.

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3
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

A process by which the whole cell divides.

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4
Q

Why must DNA be replicated?

A

To provide all the daughter cells with the copy of DNA.

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5
Q

When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?

A

Before cell division.

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6
Q

What kind of DNA replication takes place?

A

Semi-conservative replication.

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7
Q

What is semi-conservative replication?

A

One strand of DNA is from the parental DNA and the other strand is from the daughter DNA.

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8
Q

What is the daughter DNA?

A

The DNA that has just been newly synthesised (made).

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9
Q

What is the parental DNA?

A

The DNA from the original strand.

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10
Q

Why are complimentary base pair’s important in DNA replication?

A

It enables identical copies of DNA to be created and reduces coping errors that result in mutations.

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11
Q

What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

A

DNA helicase and DNA polymerase.

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12
Q

What is required in semi-conservative replication?

A

A source of chemical energy.

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13
Q

What does the enzyme DNA helicase do?

A

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs of the two strands.

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14
Q

What does DNA helicase cause?

A

The DNA double helix to unwind.

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15
Q

What do the separated parental strands act as?

A

Templates for the attachment of nucleotides.

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16
Q

Where are the free nucleotides found?

A

Floating around the nucleus.

17
Q

What do the free nucleotides do?

A

Attracted to their complimentary base pairs on the template parental strands.

18
Q

When are the nucleotides not yet joined to make polymers?

A

When they are attracted to their base pairs before DNA polymerase.

19
Q

What reaction do the nucleotides join by?

A

A condensation reaction.

20
Q

What bond is formed between the nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester bond.

21
Q

What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?

A

Joins the adjacent nucleotides together.

22
Q

How many sets of DNA are made?

A

2

Biology 1.5 Nucleic Acids (5 decks)

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