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Biology 1.5 Nucleic Acids > ATP > Flashcards

ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate.

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2
Q

What must have a constant supply of ATP?

A

Metabolic reactions in cells.

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3
Q

What do the 3 phosphate ions play a significant role in?

A

Energy transfer.

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4
Q

What is ATP composed from?

A

Adenine, ribose and 3 inorganic phosphate groups.

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5
Q

Why are the phosphates inorganic?

A

They don’t contain any carbon atoms.

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6
Q

When is ATP made?

A

During respiration.

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7
Q

What is ATP made from?

A

ADP and the addition of one phosphate.

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8
Q

What reaction is ATP made via?

A

A condensation reaction.

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9
Q

What enzyme is ATP made from?

A

ATP synthase.

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10
Q

What is ATP hydrolysed into?

A

ADP and a phosphate molecule.

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11
Q

What is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ATP + water -> ADP + Pi (energy)

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12
Q

What happens during the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

One bond between the inorganic phosphates breaks and releases a small amount of energy.

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13
Q

What is the hydrolysis of ATP used for in cells?

A

Provide energy for other reactions, and add a phosphate to other substances to make them more reactive (phosphorylation).

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14
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

The bonding of a phosphate group from ATP onto different compounds making them more reactive.

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15
Q

What are the 5 key properties of ATP that make it a suitable energy source?

A

Releases energy in small, manageable amounts, it’s a small soluble molecule, only one bond has to be broken for energy release, it can transfer energy to another molecule, and it can’t pass out of the cell.

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16
Q

Why does releasing a small manageable amount of energy make ATP a good energy source?

A

As cells don’t overheat from wasted heat energy and they are less likely to run out of resources.

17
Q

Why does ATP being a small soluble molecule make it a good energy source?

A

As it can be easily transported around a cell to provide energy for chemical reactions.

18
Q

What enzyme hydrolyses ATP?

A

ATP hydrolase.

19
Q

Why does only one bond being broken in the hydrolysis of ATP make it a good energy source?

A

As energy is made immediately.

20
Q

Why does phosphorylation make ATP a good energy source?

A

As it makes other compounds more reactive.

21
Q

Why does ATP not being able to pass out a cell make it a good energy source?

A

As cells will always have a constant supply of immediate energy.

22
Q

What does glucose have in common with ATP?

A

It is a small, soluble molecule that can be easily transported around a cell.

23
Q

What contrast properties does glucose have compared to ATP?

A

It releases large amounts of energy, Needs several bonds to be broken for energy to be released, cannot transfer energy to other molecules as it does not have any phosphate groups, and it can pass out the cell.

Biology 1.5 Nucleic Acids (5 decks)

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