DNA Replication Flashcards
Where does it take place?
Nucleus
Why does it happen?
DNA needs to be copied for preparation of cell division so that all daughter cells have the same amount of DNA.
Leading strand
5’ > 3’
Lagging strand
3’ > 5’
Leading template
3’ > 5’
Lagging template
5’ > 3’
What is an Okazaki fragment?
A fragment used on the 3’ to 5’ lagging strand to compensate for polymerase laying down the new chain in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What is polymerase?
An enzyme that is responsible for laying down the new chain in a 5’ to 3’ direction
What are primers?
A short nucleic acid sequence that provides a starting point for the Okazaki fragments
What is DNA ligase?
seals the nucleotides into a continuous line (like glue)
What are the four DNA bases?
Adenine & Thymine (2 bonds)
Guanine & Cytosine (3 bonds)
What are histones?
Proteins that help package DNA. 8 of them form nucleosomes.
What is helicase?
An enzyme that unzips the parental DNA chain by cutting through the hydrogen bonds between bases.
What is mRNA?
A single stranded RNA that has nucleotides
What is tRNA?
A 5 base stem that contains codons
