Cell division Flashcards
What is mitosis?
Where cells divide for bodily functions and maintenance
What is meiosis?
Where a cell is permanently developed into a sex cell which can’t be developed until fertilization
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
G1 phase: cell grows before DNA replication
S (synthesis) phase: DNA replication occurs
G2 phase: cell prepares itself for division
M (mitosis) phase: nucleus divides, involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
C (cytokinesis) phase: Division of cytoplasmic contents
G0 phase: only for cells that no longer undergo division when they exit the cell cycle
What are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase: Chromosomes become visible in the nucleus. Spindle fibres form at two centrioles
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the equator and spindle fibres attach themselves to them
Anaphase: Spindle fibres pull apart sister chromosomes towards opposite poles of the cell
Telophase: New nuclei form around two groups of chromatids
What is a centromere?
The point that joins chromatids together to form a chromosome
What is binary fission?
Cell division of prokaryotes whose cells are not enclosed by a membrane
What is the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I involves combination of chromosomes, Meiosis II has chromosomes already crossed over
