DNA-protein synthesis test review.pdf Flashcards
Which scientist developed the model of DNA we study today?
James Watson and Francis Crick, were the ones discovered the structure of DNA in 1953.
What term is used to describe the shape of DNA?
double helix”
What Sugar is found in DNA?
sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose, were as The sugar found in RNA is ribose,
What are the base pairing rules?
The rules of base pairing are: A with u: A always pairs with the
(U) ,C with G: (C) always pairs with the (G) T to A always pair up toghter
What is a Nucleotide?
A nucleotide is regarded as the basic building block of nucleic acid .
what are the parts to a nucleotide and be able to identify them.
A nucleotide is an organic molecule of DNA and RNA.
A nucleotide is made up of 3 parts:a phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar,and a nitrogenous base
The 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and
thymine.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
The difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA is a type of nucleic acid consisting of deoxyribonucleotides
while the RNA is the second type of nucleic acid consisting of ribonucleotide
What about DNA controls the differences in organisms?
DNA holds the instructions for an organism’s or each cell’s development and reproduction and ultimately death.
Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases on opposite
strands.
When would that bond break?
Bond breaking and bond forming occurs during a chemical reaction. The energy change in chemical reactions are
caused by bond breaking and bond forming. Breaking a bond is endothermic. Energy is taken in to break a
chemical bond.
What molecule carries the genetic information from the nucleus out to the ribosome for protein sythesis
Messenger RNA (mRNA), molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes).
What is happening during Transcription?
During the process of transcription, a portion of a DNA molecule is used to create a mRNA molecule. This is really
important! DNA stores genetic information in the nucleus of your cells.
Be able to transcribe mRNA from DNA
To translate messenger RNA, or mRNA, use an amino acid table to help you figure out the codon sequence in
transfer DNA known as tRNA. Genes in DNA are like coded recipes for proteins.
Where is the code for making proteins found
The information to make proteins is stored in an organism’s DNA.
DNA called a gene.
What is the job of tRNA
The primary tRNA function is to deliver amino acids required for the process of protein synthesis.
Inside the ribosomes is where protein synthesis actually takes place.
