DNA p2 Flashcards
What is DNA
a large molecule made of a long chain of subunits called nucleotides. controls chemical change in cell. In the nucleus of every cell of every living thing.
What does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
name the 4 bases and which go together
Adenine - Thymine and Cytosine - Guanine
what is a gene
segment of DNA with coded instructions in its base sequence for a specific protein. When expressed may determine the characteristics of an organism
what is a chromosome
thread like structure inside nucleus of a cell. Contains DNA and carries genetic information
allele
different forms of gene
Can be dominant of recessive. Receive one allele from each parent; you will have 2 alleles for each trait
how does replication work
When dna replicates it unwinds and splits in half and makes an new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides. When cell divides they are exactly the same
genetic code is?
a sequence of bases in DNA
what is a triplet
group of 3 bases - control production of amino acids in cytoplasm - different orders determine the protein produced
what does protein do
builds cell structure and makes enzymes
what does dna do
codes for the production of enzymes
what determines a cells function
structure and reactions are determined by the coding in the DNA
what does ‘specialised cells’ mean
refers to how different types of cells have different jobs/ functions
a sequence of triplets may code for whole protein which forms?
a gene
what does RNA do
Codes, decodes, regulates, expresses genes. it copies the dna code and takes this to the ribosomes where the amino acids are added to for the required protein
