DNA Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Deletion?

A

One nucleotide is lost when DNA is replicated

  • All bases after deletion are shifted along one
  • Frame-Shift
  • Reading of triplet code is affected
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2
Q

What is a Nonsense Mutation?

A

Base change forms stop codon

  • Polypeptide is terminated early
  • Will not form normal function
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3
Q

What is Mis-Sense Mutation?

A

Base change codes for different amino acid

  • Will affect bonding of tertiary structure
  • Often leads to malfunctioning protein
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4
Q

What is a Silent Mutation?

A

Substituted base codes for same amino acid

  • Because of Degenerate Code
  • No effect on Protein
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5
Q

How do Mutations create Non-Functioning Proteins?

A
  • Change in DNA base
  • Amino acid sequence changed
  • Change in H/ionic bonds
  • Tertiary Structure is altered (thus shape of active site is altered)
  • No enzyme/substrate complexes can be formed
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