Cells/Centrifugation Flashcards
What does a Prokaryotic Cell have that a Eukaryotic Cell does not?
Capsule, Flagellum, Circular DNA, Plasmid Smaller Ribosomes, Cell Wall made of Murein. No Membrane bound Organelles.
What is the Function of Mitochondria?
Release Energy/Produce ATP from Aerobic Respiration
What is the Function of the Nucleus?
Storage Site of Genetic Information, Site of DNA Replication and its Transcription to RNA (mRNA and tRNA).
What are Plasmids?
Small circles of DNA - Exchange DNA between bacterial cells
What is the Function of the Capsule? (in Prokaryotic Cells)
Thick polysaccharide layer outside cells for protection/Helps groups of bacteria stick together for more protection
What is the Function of the Flagellum?
Tail for Movement. Helps spin cell through fluids.
What is the difference between the ribosomes in prokaryotic vs eukaryotic?
80s type in eukaryotic (bigger)
70s in prokaryotic
What is the function of ribosomes?
Make Proteins (protein synthesis)
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Surface Ribosomes bind to for Protein Synthesis. Provides Pathway for transport of materials around cell
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Makes, Stores and transports lipids and Carbohydrates
What is the Function of the Golgi Body?
Modifies Polypeptide chains into Mature Proteins.
Sorts and Ships Lipids for Secretion or use within cell.
Makes Secretory Enzymes.
Forms Glycoproteins.
Modified Proteins and Lipids are transported in Golgi Vesicles.
What is the function of Lysosomes?
Break down and Recycle Materials in Cell
Contain Enzymes
What is the Role of Centrifugation?
Helps to Separate Organelles.
Most dense Organelles separate 1st, forming a pellet. Left over is Supernatant-can be spun again.
What are the main parts in Chloroplasts?
Double Plasma Membrane, Grana, Thylakoids, Stroma
What are the Grana? (In Chloroplasts)
Stacks of Thylakoids. Chlorophyll contained here. Where the 1st stage of Photosynthesis happens
What is the Stroma? (In Chloroplasts)
Fluid filled Matrix. Starch grains found here. Where the 2nd stage of Photosynthesis happens
What are the main steps of Centrifugation?
Chop up Cells Homogenise In Cold, Isotonic, Buffered Solution Filter and Centrifuge Organelle making up 1st Pellet is Nucleus Centrifuge Supernatant at Higher speed
What is the solution left over after Centrifugation called?
Supernatant
What is the Solution called, before being Centrifuged, but after being filtered?
Filtrate
How are Epithelial cells Adapted for Absorption?
Microvilli- Large SA
Many Mitochondria- Release Energy- Active Transport
Carrier Proteins-Active Transport and Facilitated Diffusion
Co-transport of Na+ ions and Glucose
- Membrane-bound Enzymes digest Disaccharides/Produce Glucose
What is the Structure of the Cell Wall in Plants?
Made of Microfibrils of Cellulose
Middle Lamella- Marks boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements them together
What is the Function of the Cell Wall in Plants?
Mechanical Strength, Pathway for Water Transport in Plant
What is the Cell Wall in Algae made of?
Cellulose or Glycoproteins or mix of both
What is the Cell Wall in Fungi made of?
Chitin, Glycan and Glycoproteins
NOT Cellulose
What is the Function of the Vacuole? (In Plants)
Support- turgid
Temporary Food Store, Pigments may colour petals- Attract Insects
What is the Vacuole? (In Plants)
Fluid-filled Sac bounded by single Membrane - Tonoplast
Contains Salts, Sugars, wastes and Pigments
