DNA, Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards
Mitochondrial disease (MD) often causes muscle weakness. Use your
knowledge of respiration and muscle contraction to suggest explanations for this effect of MD.
- less aerobic reparation so less ATP produced
- ATP needed for actin myosin interactions/ power stroke
- less muscle contractions
If someone has a faulty mitochondria , the concentration of lactate in their blood after exercise is
usually much higher than normal Suggest why.
less aerobic respiration so prodcues less ATP
more aerobic respiration which produces lactate
lactate diffuses out of the muscles cells to blood
A small amount of DNA can be extracted from mitochondria and DNA sequencing
used to try to find a mutation
* how would enough DNA be obtained for sequencing?
* how would sequencing allow the identification of a mutation?
- amplified by PCR
- compare normal DNA and mutated DNA
Describe how mRNA is produced in the nucleus of a cell.
- DNA helices breaks hydrogen bonds
- one strand acts as a template
- RNA ncuelotides bind to complementary exposed nucleotides
- via BASE PARING RULES
- RNA polymerase binds and catalyses phosphdoester bonds
- pre mRNA is formed and spliced to remove introns to produce mRNA
Describe how proteins are digested in the human gut.
- endopeptides- hydrolyse peptide bonds of the middle of protein to make smaller poly peptides
exopeptides hydrolyse the ends of the poly peptides
dipeptidases- hydrolyse dipeptide into amino acids
