DNA, genes and chromosomes Flashcards
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each cell
23 pairs
What are 22 of the pairs called?
Autosomes
What is the 23rd pair called?
Sex chromosomes
What are chromosomes made of?
They are really long strings of DNA which are made of the 4 bases (A, T, G, C)
What are the sections of DNA called?
Genes
What determines the size and shape of the protein
the length and the sequence of the gene
what determines the function of the protein
the size and shape of the gene
In a gene, what does the base code for?
What is karyotyping
The arranging of a complete set of chromosomes in pairs of decreasing sizes.
What is RNA?
a complementary copy of DNA that is able to carry the genetic message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What role does RNA play in the conversion of DNA information into protein
When a protein needs to be made, the DNA in the gene unwinds to make a complementary copy of RNA. The RNA can leave the nucleus to make a protein in the cell’s cytoplasm.
What is a chromosome?
A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes.
