DNA and Viruses Pt2 Flashcards
1
Q
what morphologic forms of HBV is the most abundant form and contains HBsAg?
A
Spherical particle
2
Q
spherical particle size?
A
22nm
3
Q
what morphologic forms of HBV is long due to the overproduction of HBsAg?
A
Filamentous/Tubular form
4
Q
what morphologic forms of HBV least common and infectious form of HBV?
A
DANE particle
5
Q
filamentous/tubular form size?
A
22nm
6
Q
DANE particle size?
A
42nm
7
Q
3 enveloped DNA viruses?
A
Pox, Herpes, Hepadnaviruses
8
Q
classified as hepadnavirus and establishes chronic infections especially in those infected as infants; it is a major factor in the eventual development of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in those individuals
A
Hepatitis B virus
9
Q
lipoprotein envelope and surrounds an inner nucleocapsid core particle HBcAg?
A
HBsAg
10
Q
not detectable in the serum and contains dsDNA?
A
HBcAg
11
Q
seals the gap
A
DNA polymerase
12
Q
site of replication of HBV?
A
Nucleus
13
Q
viral polymerase synthesizes by ? a negative strand DNA copy
A
Reverse transcriptase
14
Q
template for all viral transcripts?
A
cccDNA
15
Q
cccDNA meaning
A
Covalently Closed Circular double stranded DNA
16
Q
becomes encapsidated with newly synthesized HBcAg?
A
Pregenome RNA
17
Q
Most commonly utilized lab tests for HBV before
A
ELISA
18
Q
Most commonly utilized lab tests for HBV today
A
Chemiluminescence
19
Q
utilizes this principle; signal to cut-off ratio chemiluminescence
A
Abott-Architect
20
Q
Number of viral particles
A
Viral load
21
Q
research blood for hepatitis
A
Lamivudine
22
Q
Reactive >6 months
A
Carrier
23
Q
Fatty liver and alcoholism can lead to
A
Cirrhosis
24
Q
If not alcoholic, the patient is
A
Non-alcoholic Steatorrheic Hepatitis (NASH)
25
Scarring of the liver, The liver gets small, Blood cannot penetrate the liver tissue
Cirrhosis
26
nutrients are travelling via ? towards the liver for metabolism
Portal Vein
27
remedy for cirrhosis or when blood cannot penetrate the liver tissue?
Liver transplant
28
first marker that can be detected for HBV, 1 week after infection and is used as an indicator of disease progression?
HBV DNA
29
detected in the bloodstream soon after initial infection (1 week)
HBV DNA Polymerase
30
not detectable in the bloodstream, uses liver cells as sample and encapsulates HBV DNA and DNA polymerase
HBcAg
31
HBcAg encapsulates?
HBV DNA and DNA polymerase
32
Produced in large quantities, Appears 1 to 6 weeks before symptoms (late incubation period)
HBsAg
33
if HBsAg is + what does it indicate?
Indicate current infection of HBV
34
if HBsAg is + for more than 6 months what does it indicate?
chronic infection
35
has no chronicity?
Hepa A
36
can we have hepa A and hepa B at the same time? yes or no?
Yes
37
detectable in the bloodstream and HBV is actively reproducing, Appears shortly after the appearance of HBsAg, Disappears before HBsAg disappears
HBeAg
38
what is the first antibody to appear?
IgM
39
IgM, Appears shortly before the onset of S/SXs, Does not neutralize the virus
Anti-HBc Total
40
if Anti-HBc Total is + what does it indicate?
used to detect previous exposure to live virus
41
initial response, Detectable for 4 to 6 months
Anti HBc IgM
42
Anti HBc IgM is detectable for?
4 to 6 months
43
Anti HBc IgM + what does it indicate?
Anti HBc IgM is + during window period
44
Anti HBc IgM - what does it indicate?
there is no acute Hepa B
45
long lived antibody, Titer decreases with time
Anti HBc IgG
46
Appears a few weeks after HBeAg is no longer detectable, Patient is not infective, Often disappears within few months or years
Anti HBe
47
Anti HBe + what does it indicate?
Anti HBe + is a good sign and indicates a favorable prognosis
48
Last antibodies to appear, Can neutralize the HBV
Anti HBs
49
Anti HBs + what does it indicate?
indicate that an initial infection has been defeated
50
can replicate and produce disease in the respiratory, gastrointestinal,
and urinary tracts and in the eye and has pentons and hexons?
Adenovirus
51
cause respiratory infections in children
Adenovirus 1-7
52
cause respiratory infections in military recruits
Adenovirus 3, 4, 7
53
cause severe eye infections (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis)
Adenovirus 8, 19, 37
54
cause gastroenteritis in young children
Adenovirus 40, 41
55
capsomeres are the major components on the surface of the virus particle
hexon and penteno
56
associated with hemagglutinating activity
Fibers with type-specific antigens
57
virion of adenovirus?
Icosahedral, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; fiber
projects from each vertex
58
genome of adenovirus?
Double-stranded DNA, linear, 26–45 kbp, protein bound to
termini, infectious
59
envelope of adenovirus?
none
60
replication site of adenovirus?
Nucleus
61
outstanding characteristic of adenovirus?
Excellent models for molecular studies of eukaryotic cell
processes
62
period where the virus is there but it is not detectable
Eclipse Period
63
the time you get the virus, but you still do not have signs/symptoms
Incubation Time
64
signs & symptoms are non-specific
Prodomal period
65
encodes proteins that block cell death (apoptosis), prevent premature cell death
E1B early region
66
Contain the only adenovirus genes necessary for cell transformation
E1A and E1B regions
67
The virus encoded, covalently linked ? functions as a primer for initiation of viral DNA synthesis
Terminal protein
68
Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses
respiratory samples of adults with common cold
1-7 days
69
Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses
throat, stool, and eye, for pharyngoconjunctival fever
3-14 days
70
Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses
eye, for keratoconjunctivitis
2 weeks
71
Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses
respiratory samples, throat and stool of children with respiratory illnesses
3-6 weeks
72
Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses
blood, urine, throat, and stool of immunocompromised patients
2-12 months
73
Uses an antihexon antibody on infected cells, isolates can be identified as adenoviruses by
Immunofluorescence tests
74
measure type-specific antigens and can be used to identify specific
serotypes
Hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests
75
Viral specimens are centrifuged directly onto tissue culture cells
Cultures are incubated for 1–2 days and are then tested with monoclonal antibodies directed against a group-reactive epitope on the hexon antigen
Shell Vial technique.
76
routinely used for diagnosis of adenovirus infections in respirator
samples, blood, tissues, or body fluids, usually by using primers from
a conserved viral sequence (eg, hexon, VA I) that can detect all
serotypes.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays
77
Smallest DNA animal virus, The only ssDNA
Parvovirus
78
is pathogenic for humans and has a tropism for erythroid progenitor
cells, defective parvovirus, immature cells in the erythroid lineage, Very well known for inducing aplastic anemia
B19
79
2 coat proteins of parvovirus?
VP2 and VP1
80
parvovirus b19 causes what?
Erythema Infectiosum
81
a common childhood exanthem, aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic disorders
Erythema Infectiosum
82
virion of parvovirus?
Icosahedral, 18–26 nm in diameter, 32 capsomeres
83
genome of parvovirus?
Single-stranded DNA, linear, 5.6 kb, MW 1.5–2.0 million
84
envelope of parvovirus?
None
85
outstanding characteristic of parvovirus?
Human pathogen, B19, has tropism for red blood cell progenitors and One genus contains viruses that are replication-defective and require a helper virus
86
what is needed in parvovirus replication?
Non Structural protein 1 (NS1)
87
Only known to be permissive for B19 Infection
Primary erythroid progenitors
88
blood group P antigen (globoside)
Cellular receptor for B19
89
is expressed on mature erythrocytes, erythroid progenitors, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, placenta, and fetal liver and heart, helps explain the narrow tissue tropism of B19 virus
P antigen
90
believed to be a coreceptor for B19 entry
α5β1 integrin
91
are highly dependent on cellular functions for replication, do not have the ability to stimulate resting cells to initiate DNA synthesis, so they must infect dividing cells
Parvovirus
92
severe acute anemia and Aplastic, and then hemolytic too, virus excess
Transient aplastic crisis
93
no Ab, Immunodeficiencies – chronic anemia
Pure red cell aplasia
94
Fetus – fatal anemia (stillbirth)
Hydrops Fetalis
95
what type?
Early, immediate anaphylactics, Shows that you’re allergic to something
Type I
95
what type?
Cytotoxic For example, the blood transfused to you is not compatible to your blood type - hemolytic transfusion reaction
Type II
96
Immune Complex Deposition Like deposit in the glomerular basement membrane, antibody (Ab) excess, erythema infectiosum
Type III
97
Delayed Hypersensitivity, Like transplant rejection
Type IV
98
The gamma has been switched to beta in hemoglobin
Hydrops fetalis
99
red cell destruction before 120 days
Hemolytic
100
failure of the bone marrow to produce cells
Aplastic
101
common in oncogenic viruses and It is contagious and is believed to be obtained from frog’s pee
Skin warts
102
warts, HPV 16,18
Papillomavirus
103
cervical cancer That is why they recommend early vaccination because sometimes the patients are asymptomatic
HPV 16, 18
104
hemorrhagic cystitis in BM transplant recipients
BK
105
PML or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (transplants, HIV)
JC
106
antibody excess, fifth disease, arthralgia in adults
Erythema infectiosum
