Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MycoViro PRELIM > DNA and Viruses Pt2 > Flashcards

DNA and Viruses Pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

what morphologic forms of HBV is the most abundant form and contains HBsAg?

A

Spherical particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

spherical particle size?

A

22nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what morphologic forms of HBV is long due to the overproduction of HBsAg?

A

Filamentous/Tubular form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what morphologic forms of HBV least common and infectious form of HBV?

A

DANE particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

filamentous/tubular form size?

A

22nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DANE particle size?

A

42nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 enveloped DNA viruses?

A

Pox, Herpes, Hepadnaviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

classified as hepadnavirus and establishes chronic infections especially in those infected as infants; it is a major factor in the eventual development of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in those individuals

A

Hepatitis B virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lipoprotein envelope and surrounds an inner nucleocapsid core particle HBcAg?

A

HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

not detectable in the serum and contains dsDNA?

A

HBcAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

seals the gap

A

DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

site of replication of HBV?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

viral polymerase synthesizes by ? a negative strand DNA copy

A

Reverse transcriptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

template for all viral transcripts?

A

cccDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cccDNA meaning

A

Covalently Closed Circular double stranded DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

becomes encapsidated with newly synthesized HBcAg?

A

Pregenome RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most commonly utilized lab tests for HBV before

A

ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most commonly utilized lab tests for HBV today

A

Chemiluminescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

utilizes this principle; signal to cut-off ratio chemiluminescence

A

Abott-Architect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Number of viral particles

A

Viral load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

research blood for hepatitis

A

Lamivudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reactive >6 months

A

Carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fatty liver and alcoholism can lead to

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If not alcoholic, the patient is

A

Non-alcoholic Steatorrheic Hepatitis (NASH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Scarring of the liver, The liver gets small, Blood cannot penetrate the liver tissue

A

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nutrients are travelling via ? towards the liver for metabolism

A

Portal Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

remedy for cirrhosis or when blood cannot penetrate the liver tissue?

A

Liver transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

first marker that can be detected for HBV, 1 week after infection and is used as an indicator of disease progression?

A

HBV DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

detected in the bloodstream soon after initial infection (1 week)

A

HBV DNA Polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

not detectable in the bloodstream, uses liver cells as sample and encapsulates HBV DNA and DNA polymerase

A

HBcAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

HBcAg encapsulates?

A

HBV DNA and DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Produced in large quantities, Appears 1 to 6 weeks before symptoms (late incubation period)

A

HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

if HBsAg is + what does it indicate?

A

Indicate current infection of HBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

if HBsAg is + for more than 6 months what does it indicate?

A

chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

has no chronicity?

A

Hepa A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

can we have hepa A and hepa B at the same time? yes or no?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

detectable in the bloodstream and HBV is actively reproducing, Appears shortly after the appearance of HBsAg, Disappears before HBsAg disappears

A

HBeAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the first antibody to appear?

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

IgM, Appears shortly before the onset of S/SXs, Does not neutralize the virus

A

Anti-HBc Total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

if Anti-HBc Total is + what does it indicate?

A

used to detect previous exposure to live virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

initial response, Detectable for 4 to 6 months

A

Anti HBc IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anti HBc IgM is detectable for?

A

4 to 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Anti HBc IgM + what does it indicate?

A

Anti HBc IgM is + during window period

44
Q

Anti HBc IgM - what does it indicate?

A

there is no acute Hepa B

45
Q

long lived antibody, Titer decreases with time

A

Anti HBc IgG

46
Q

Appears a few weeks after HBeAg is no longer detectable, Patient is not infective, Often disappears within few months or years

A

Anti HBe

47
Q

Anti HBe + what does it indicate?

A

Anti HBe + is a good sign and indicates a favorable prognosis

48
Q

Last antibodies to appear, Can neutralize the HBV

A

Anti HBs

49
Q

Anti HBs + what does it indicate?

A

indicate that an initial infection has been defeated

50
Q

can replicate and produce disease in the respiratory, gastrointestinal,
and urinary tracts and in the eye and has pentons and hexons?

A

Adenovirus

51
Q

cause respiratory infections in children

A

Adenovirus 1-7

52
Q

cause respiratory infections in military recruits

A

Adenovirus 3, 4, 7

53
Q

cause severe eye infections (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis)

A

Adenovirus 8, 19, 37

54
Q

cause gastroenteritis in young children

A

Adenovirus 40, 41

55
Q

capsomeres are the major components on the surface of the virus particle

A

hexon and penteno

56
Q

associated with hemagglutinating activity

A

Fibers with type-specific antigens

57
Q

virion of adenovirus?

A

Icosahedral, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; fiber
projects from each vertex

58
Q

genome of adenovirus?

A

Double-stranded DNA, linear, 26–45 kbp, protein bound to
termini, infectious

59
Q

envelope of adenovirus?

A

none

60
Q

replication site of adenovirus?

A

Nucleus

61
Q

outstanding characteristic of adenovirus?

A

Excellent models for molecular studies of eukaryotic cell
processes

62
Q

period where the virus is there but it is not detectable

A

Eclipse Period

63
Q

the time you get the virus, but you still do not have signs/symptoms

A

Incubation Time

64
Q

signs & symptoms are non-specific

A

Prodomal period

65
Q

encodes proteins that block cell death (apoptosis), prevent premature cell death

A

E1B early region

66
Q

Contain the only adenovirus genes necessary for cell transformation

A

E1A and E1B regions

67
Q

The virus encoded, covalently linked ? functions as a primer for initiation of viral DNA synthesis

A

Terminal protein

68
Q

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses

respiratory samples of adults with common cold

A

1-7 days

69
Q

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses

throat, stool, and eye, for pharyngoconjunctival fever

A

3-14 days

70
Q

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses

eye, for keratoconjunctivitis

A

2 weeks

71
Q

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses

respiratory samples, throat and stool of children with respiratory illnesses

A

3-6 weeks

72
Q

Duration of adenovirus excretion varies among different illnesses

blood, urine, throat, and stool of immunocompromised patients

A

2-12 months

73
Q

Uses an antihexon antibody on infected cells, isolates can be identified as adenoviruses by

A

Immunofluorescence tests

74
Q

measure type-specific antigens and can be used to identify specific
serotypes

A

Hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests

75
Q

Viral specimens are centrifuged directly onto tissue culture cells
Cultures are incubated for 1–2 days and are then tested with monoclonal antibodies directed against a group-reactive epitope on the hexon antigen

A

Shell Vial technique.

76
Q

routinely used for diagnosis of adenovirus infections in respirator
samples, blood, tissues, or body fluids, usually by using primers from
a conserved viral sequence (eg, hexon, VA I) that can detect all
serotypes.

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays

77
Q

Smallest DNA animal virus, The only ssDNA

A

Parvovirus

78
Q

is pathogenic for humans and has a tropism for erythroid progenitor
cells, defective parvovirus, immature cells in the erythroid lineage, Very well known for inducing aplastic anemia

A

B19

79
Q

2 coat proteins of parvovirus?

A

VP2 and VP1

80
Q

parvovirus b19 causes what?

A

Erythema Infectiosum

81
Q

a common childhood exanthem, aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic disorders

A

Erythema Infectiosum

82
Q

virion of parvovirus?

A

Icosahedral, 18–26 nm in diameter, 32 capsomeres

83
Q

genome of parvovirus?

A

Single-stranded DNA, linear, 5.6 kb, MW 1.5–2.0 million

84
Q

envelope of parvovirus?

A

None

85
Q

outstanding characteristic of parvovirus?

A

Human pathogen, B19, has tropism for red blood cell progenitors and One genus contains viruses that are replication-defective and require a helper virus

86
Q

what is needed in parvovirus replication?

A

Non Structural protein 1 (NS1)

87
Q

Only known to be permissive for B19 Infection

A

Primary erythroid progenitors

88
Q

blood group P antigen (globoside)

A

Cellular receptor for B19

89
Q

is expressed on mature erythrocytes, erythroid progenitors, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, placenta, and fetal liver and heart, helps explain the narrow tissue tropism of B19 virus

A

P antigen

90
Q

believed to be a coreceptor for B19 entry

A

α5β1 integrin

91
Q

are highly dependent on cellular functions for replication, do not have the ability to stimulate resting cells to initiate DNA synthesis, so they must infect dividing cells

A

Parvovirus

92
Q

severe acute anemia and Aplastic, and then hemolytic too, virus excess

A

Transient aplastic crisis

93
Q

no Ab, Immunodeficiencies – chronic anemia

A

Pure red cell aplasia

94
Q

Fetus – fatal anemia (stillbirth)

A

Hydrops Fetalis

95
Q

what type?

Early, immediate anaphylactics, Shows that you’re allergic to something

A

Type I

95
Q

what type?

Cytotoxic For example, the blood transfused to you is not compatible to your blood type - hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Type II

96
Q

Immune Complex Deposition Like deposit in the glomerular basement membrane, antibody (Ab) excess, erythema infectiosum

A

Type III

97
Q

Delayed Hypersensitivity, Like transplant rejection

A

Type IV

98
Q

The gamma has been switched to beta in hemoglobin

A

Hydrops fetalis

99
Q

red cell destruction before 120 days

A

Hemolytic

100
Q

failure of the bone marrow to produce cells

A

Aplastic

101
Q

common in oncogenic viruses and It is contagious and is believed to be obtained from frog’s pee

A

Skin warts

102
Q

warts, HPV 16,18

A

Papillomavirus

103
Q

cervical cancer That is why they recommend early vaccination because sometimes the patients are asymptomatic

A

HPV 16, 18

104
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis in BM transplant recipients

A

BK

105
Q

PML or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (transplants, HIV)

A

JC

106
Q

antibody excess, fifth disease, arthralgia in adults

A

Erythema infectiosum

MycoViro PRELIM (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions