DNA and Viruses Pt1 Flashcards
1
Q
largest and most complex viruses
A
Poxviridae
2
Q
1st disease to be eradicated in the world and can be used as a bioterrorism tool
A
Variola
3
Q
vector for introducing active immunizing genes
A
Vaccinia
4
Q
affects the skin
A
Molluscum Contagiosum
5
Q
variolation by Jenner and used for the development of vaccines
A
Cowpox
6
Q
only virus that is single stranded?
A
Parvovirus
7
Q
all RNA viruses are single stranded except?
A
Reovirus
8
Q
sheep and goat and is a cutaneous pustular dermatitis
A
Orf
9
Q
who first develop vaccines and experimented by inoculating the nostrils of young children?
A
Edward Jenner
10
Q
involves getting parts of an organism and recombine them then develops a DNA recombinant vaccine
A
Gene Splicing
11
Q
what virus inhibits the host immune defense system
A
Poxvirus
12
Q
used for smallpox vaccination and as a laboratory model for poxviruses
A
Vaccinia virus
13
Q
most poxvirus infections are accompanied by?
A
Vesicular Rash
14
Q
brick shaped and complex
A
Poxvirus
15
Q
how many kilobase pairs does poxvirus have?
A
130-375
16
Q
size of the core membrane of poxvirus?
A
9nm
17
Q
what lateral body shape of poxvirus give?
A
Dumbbell
18
Q
protein shell thickness of poxvirus?
A
12nm
19
Q
enclosed in a lipid bilayer containing virus specific proteins
A
Virion
20
Q
what virus replicate in cytoplasm and the uncoating requires newly synthesized virus encoded protein
A
Poxvirus
21
Q
assembly of the progeny viruses begins with the formation of membrane structures followed by maturation of?
A
Intracellular Mature Virions (IMV)
22
Q
The virions are further wrapped by membranes from the Golgi apparatus that are lost upon the release of
A
Extracellular Enveloped Virions (EEV)
23
Q
means the parent viruses?
A
Progeny
24
Q
means the infectious particle?
A
Virion
25
will bridge the gap between intermediate transcription and late transcription
Concatemers
26
what is the unique part of the poxvirus?
can cause nongenetic reactivation upon uncoating
27
pathogenesis of poxvirus
inhalation/URT
28
eosinophilic inclusions, called ? that can be seen in the cytoplasm
Guarnieri bodies
29
mononuclear phagocytic cells
NK cells
30
the rash is called exanthem
Secondary Viremic Phase
31
Secondary Viremic Phase what is the rash called?
Exanthem
32
types of exanthem
macular
Flat
33
types of exanthem
papular
Elevated
34
types of exanthem
maculopapular
Combination (flat and elevated like in measles)
35
types of exanthem
fluid filled
Vesicle
36
types of exanthem
large vesicle
Bullae
37
types of exanthem
pus
Pustule
38
the same stage of evolution and is already eradicated
Smallpox
39
makes sure that the function of the immune system is limited in time
T suppressor cells
40
all stages of evolution or varying stages of evolution and is asymmetrical
Chicken Pox
41
by the ??? lesions in the mouth tended to ulcerate and discharge virus
6th and 9th day
42
histopathology of smallpox
ballooning of degeneration and stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
43
by the 6th and 9th day lesions in the mouth tended to ulcerate and discharge virus what virus is this?
Smallpox
44
the disease was barely infective
Preeruptive phase
45
portal of entry of smallpox?
Mucous membrane of the URT
46
incubation period of smallpox?
10-14 days
47
at what days were fever and malaise present in smallpox?
1-5 days
48
at what weeks does the crust fall off in smallpox?
2 weeks
49
are specific for various poxviruses are available and can be used for detection and identification purposes.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
50
treatment for smallpox?
Methisazone and Cidofovir
51
chemotherapeutic agent historically evaluated against poxviruses. It
is effective as prophylaxis but is not useful in treatment of established
disease
Methisazone
52
a nucleotide analog, shows activity against poxviruses in vitro and in vivo. It has been used to treat molluscum contagiosum and for virus infections
Cidofovir
53
scab forms are stable for ? year at room temp?
1
54
umbilicated papule, direct and fomite transmission, may itch autoinoculation, AIDS and is caused by herpesviruses what virus is this?
Molluscum Contagiosum
55
incubation period of Molluscum Contagiosum?
6 months
56
not fully eradicated so it can still erupt anytime
Latent
57
What triggers the reactivation?
aging, debilitated, surgery, and waning immunity
58
oral herpes transmitted from the waist up
HHV1
59
Genital herpes transmitted from the waist down
HHV2
60
Varicella zoster virus
HHV3
61
Cytomegalovirus
HHV4
62
Epstein bar virus
HHV5
63
Roseola infantum, exanthema subitem
HHV6-6A&6B
64
slapped cheek appearance
Roseola
65
Roseola;febrile seizures and encephalitis
HHV7
66
Kaposi sarcoma associated virus
HHV8
67
isolated in monkeys in africa
Kaposi sarcoma
68
capsid is surrounded by an amorphous protein coat called
Tegument
69
VP16 complexes with several proteins and activates initial viral gene expression
Cascade
70
tegument protein
VP16
71
all herpesviruses have a ?
core dsDNA in a form of toroid surrounded by a protein coat that exhibits icosahedral symmetry and has 162 capsomeres
72
site of latency of herpesviridae?
Sensory nerve ganglia
73
replication cycle of herpes simplex virus (HSV)
18 hrs
74
replication cycle of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
70 hrs
75
replication cycle of HSV and CMV
1. fusion wt plasma membrane
2. alpha proteins stimulate early genes
3. beta proteins for late gene transcribed
4. gamma proteins for viral structural proteins
5. packaging into a capsule
76
most potent inducer of neutralizing ab
gD
77
C3b binding protein
gC
78
Fc receptor; binds with Fc of IgG
gE
79
type specific and allows for antigenic discrimination between HSV1 (gG-1) and hsv-2 (gG-2)
gG
80
part of the antibody where antigen will join
Paratope
81
part of the antigen where antibody will join
Epitope
82
is spread by contact, usually involving infected saliva
HSV 1
83
is transmitted sexually or from a maternal genital infection to
a newborn
HSV 2
84
* transmitted by contact of a susceptible person with an individual excreting virus
* invades local nerve endings and is transported by retrograde axonal flow to dorsal root ganglia
* usually mild and mostly asymptomatic
Primary Infection of HSV
85
* resides in latently infected ganglia in a nonreplicating state
* Viral persistence in latently infected ganglia lasts for the lifetime of the host
* Provocative stimuli can reactivate virus from the latent state, including axonal injury, fever, physical or emotional stress, and exposure to ultraviolet light
Latent Infection of HSV
86
* frequently on small children
* incubation period is 3-5days and clinical illness lasts 2-3 weeks
* gingivitis
* in adults cause pharyngitis and tonsilitis
Oropharyngeal Disease
87
* Recurrent lesions of the eye are common and appear as dendritic keratitis or corneal ulcers or as vesicles on the eyelids
* With recurrent keratitis, there may be progressive involvement of the corneal stroma, with permanent opacification and blindness
Keratoconjunctivitis
88
* Genital disease is more often caused by HSV-2
* characterized by vesiculoulcerative lesions of the penis of the male or of the cervix, vulva, vagina, and perineum of the female
* Viral secretion persists for about 3 weeks
* associated with fever, malaise, dysuria, and inguinal lymphadenopathy
Genital Herpes
89
HSV-1 infections are considered the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the United States
Meningitis/Encephalitis
90
* mother is the most common source of infection in all cases
* most common route of infection (75% of cases) is for HSV to be transmitted to a newborn during birth by contact with herpetic lesions in the birth canal
* can also be acquired postnatally by exposure to either HSV-1 or HSV-2 via shedding of virus from family members and hospital personnel
*
Neonatal Herpes
91
lab diagnosis of HSV
PCR, Cytopathology, Serology
92
an intranuclear inclusion bodies, multinucleated giant cells
Cowdry type A
93
pathology of HSV primary infection
Break in the skin - retrograde axonal flow to dorsal root ganglion
94
treatment of HSV
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Vidarabine
95
infects mucosal cells in the nose and throat, its primary viremia is LNs replicates enter bloodstream, secondary viremia is liver and spleen and is morphologically identical to HSV and no animal reservoir what virus is this?
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
96
commonly affected are head trunk neck aging and immunocompromised, pain and vesicular rash limited in distribution to the skin innervated by a single sensory ganglion what virus is this?
Shingles/Herpes Zoster
97
lab diagnosis of VZV
PCr, CSF, Tzanck smear, skin scrapings
98
treatment of VZV
Acyclovir, Gamma globulin of high Varicella zoster virus ab titer, Varicella zoster immune globulin
99
large, torch panel is the test panel, can develop jaundice and failure to thrive or survive, common cause of congenital infection, largest genetic content of human herpesviruses what virus is this?
Cytomegalovirus
100
incubation period of cytomegalovirus
3-8 weeks
101
TORCH stands for
Toxoplasma, Other agents, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex
102
asymptomatic infection of cytomegalovirus
adults have no problem however the baby can have the problem
103
oncogenic, lymphoproliferative, b cell is main target of attack, can cause e nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitts lymphoma what virus is this?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
104
detect heterophile ab and based on the principle of sheep agglutinins in sera of infectious mononucleosis patents who are absorbed by OX red cells but not by guinea pig kidney extract
Paul Bunnel test
105
Kidney extract (Not absorbed) beef erythrocyte (Absorbed) what is the heterophil ab?
Infectious mono
106
Kidney extract (Absorbed) beef erythrocyte (Not absorbed) what is the heterophil ab?
Forssman
107
Kidney extract (Absorbed) beef erythrocyte (Absorbed) what is the heterophil ab?
Serum sickness
108
seldom cause disease in rhesus monkeys, monkey bite, striking feature is the neurologic disease what virus is it?
Herpes B virus
109
3 ways of acquiring the hepatitis B virus?
Sexual intercourse, needlestick, vertical
110
Establishes chronic infections, especially in those infected as infants, Major factor in the eventual development of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in those individuals what virus is this?
Hepatitis B virus
111
a life-long marker, after it increase and reached its peak, it will be constant up to the end of the patient’s life, does not have a corresponding antigen, cannot be found routinely in blood
Anti-Hbc
112
Also known as core window or serologic window, During this stage, the clinical significance is that there is a nonreactive HbsAg and non reactive anti-Hbs
Convalescent window
113
is the most reliable marker for identifying HBV infection.
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
114
The presence of HBsAg 6 months after acute infection indicates that the patient is a?
Chronic carrier
115
The presence of ? 6 months after acute infection indicates that the patient is a chronic carrier
HBsAg
116
? appears early in the course of disease, during the acute infection
IgM (anti-HBcAg) to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)
117
IgM (anti-HBcAg) to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) appears early in the course of disease, during the ?
Acute infection
118
? indicates the patient is in convalescence and has developed immunity
Anti-HBsAg
119
? indicates high infectivity and a chronic carrier state
HBeAg
120
shows if there is active viremia, most infectious part, presence indicates viral replication
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)
121
first marker to rise which indicates acute hepatitis b infection.
HbsAg
