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MycoViro PRELIM > Basic Virology > Flashcards

Basic Virology Flashcards

1
Q

substance produced in the body as the result of disease, especially one capable of infecting others

A

Virus

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2
Q

rapid spread

A

Viral

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3
Q

disease in tobacco was caused by a virus. who showed it?

A

Ivanovski and Beijernick

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4
Q

animal virus that causes foot and mouth disease in cattle. who showed it?

A

Loeffler and Frosch

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5
Q

cannot exist and multiply independently and potentially active but inert entities outside cells

A

Obligate Intracellular Parasites

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6
Q

viruses cannot be seen under the light microscope? T or F

A

T

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7
Q

viruses can be seen under electron microscope? T or F

A

T

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8
Q

what type of microscope can we use to view viruses?

A

electron microscope

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9
Q

used to identify the viruses

A

Genetic Sequencing

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10
Q

ultramicroscopic size of viruses

A

20nm-450nm

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11
Q

combination of the nucleic acid core and capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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12
Q

individually made up of capsomers

A

Capsid

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13
Q

molecules on virus surface impart ? for attachment?

A

High Specificity

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14
Q

how does viruses multiply?

A

by taking control of host cell’s genetic material and regulating the synthesis and assembly of new viruses

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15
Q

for most metabolic processes?

A

Lack Enzymes

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16
Q

for synthesizing proteins?

A

Lack Machinery

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17
Q

proliferation of viral particles during which the virus cannot be detected in the host?

A

Eclipse Period

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18
Q

external coating that is made up of capsomers?

A

Capsid

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19
Q

capsid+nucleic acid?

A

Nucleocapsid

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20
Q

fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection?

A

Virion

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21
Q

used for attachment similar to our organisms in bacteria they may have pili or fimbriae?

A

Spikes

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22
Q

the capsid is constructed from identical subunits called?

A

Capsomers

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23
Q

rod shaped capsomers

A

Helical

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24
Q

3-dimentional, 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners

A

Icosahedral

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25
Q

like the pox virus

A

Complex

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26
Q

take a bit of the host cell membrane to form of envelope

A

Enveloped Viruses

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27
Q

Functions of viral capsid/envelope

A
  • Protects nucleic acids
  • Introduce the viral DNA and RNA
  • Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that protect the host cells against future infections
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28
Q

sum total of the genetic information carried by an organism

A

Genome

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29
Q

genomes that are ready for immediate translation into proteins

A

Positive-sense RNA

30
Q

genomes have to be converted into the proper form to be made into proteins

A

Negative-sense RNA

31
Q

to synthesize DNA and RNA

A

Polymerases

32
Q

to copy RNA

A

Replicases

33
Q

the virus attaches to its host cell by specific binding of its spikes to cell receptors.

A

Adsorption

34
Q

the virus is engulfed into a vesicle and its envelope is uncoated

A

Penetration

35
Q

thereby, the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm

A

Uncoated

36
Q

under the control of viral genes, thecell synthesizes the basic components of new viruses: RNA molecules, capsomers, spikes

A

Synthesis

37
Q

viral spike proteins are inserted into the cell membrane for the viral
envelope; nucleocapsid is formed from RNA and capsomers

A

Assembly

38
Q

enveloped viruses are located in the membrane carrying envelope
with spikes. Complete virus or virion is now ready to infect another cell

A

Release

39
Q

encounters susceptible host cells and is required to be an exact fit

A

Adsorption

40
Q

flexible cell membrane of the host is penetrated by the whole virus or its nucleic acid

A

Penetration

41
Q

engulfed by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

A

Endocytosis

42
Q

enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid

A

Uncoating

43
Q

free viral nucleic acid exerts control over the host’s synthetic and metabolic machinery

A

Synthesis

44
Q

enter the host cells nucleus where they are replicated and assembled

A

DNA viruses

45
Q

replicated and assembled in the cytoplasm

A

RNA viruses

46
Q

mature virus particles are constructed from the growing pool of parts

A

Assembly

47
Q

nonenveloped and complex viruses are released when the cell lyses or rupture

A

Release

48
Q

hm virions are released upon rupture?

A

3000-100000

49
Q

entire length of cycle?

A

8-36 hours

50
Q

virus-induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance

A

Cytopathic effects

51
Q

compacted masses of viruses or damaged cells organelles

A

Inclusion bodies

52
Q

Cells round up; inclusion appear in cytoplasm

A

Smallpox virus

53
Q

Cells fuse to form multinucleated syncytia; nuclear inclusions

A

Herpes simplex

54
Q

Clumping of cells; nuclear inclusion

A

Adenovirus

55
Q

Cell lysis; no inclusion

A

Poliovirus

56
Q

Cell enlargement; vacuoles and inclusions in cytoplasm

A

Reovirus

57
Q

Cells round up; no inclusion

A

Influenza virus

58
Q

No change in cell shape; cytoplasmic inclusion

A

Rabies virus

59
Q

Syncytia form (multinucleate)

A

Measles virus

60
Q

mammalian virus capable of initiating tumors

A

Oncoviruses

61
Q

Icosahedral capsid head containing DNA and its Central tube surrounded by a sheath

A

T Even Phages

62
Q

special DNA phages that undergo adsorption and penetration but are not replicated or released immediately

A

Temperate phages

63
Q

the cell’s progeny will also have the temperate phage DNA

A

Lysogeny

64
Q

when a bacterium acquires a new trait from its temperate phage

A

Lysogenic conversion

65
Q

came from human

A

heLA cell line

66
Q

TECHNIQUES IN CULTIVATING AND IDENTIFYING ANIMAL VIRUSES

A
  • primary purposes of viral cultivation (isolate and identify, prepare viruses for vaccines, detailed research)
  • using live animal ionculation (white mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, invertebrates or nonhuman primates)
  • using bird embryo (chicken, duck, turkey)
67
Q

MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF VIRUSES

A
  • Most common cause of acute infection
  • can have very high mortality rates
  • long term debility
68
Q

TREATMENT OF ANIMAL VIRAL INFECTIONS

A

*are not bacteria, antibiotics are INEEFECTIVE
* Anti viral drugs blocks virus replication by targeting one of the steps in viral life cycle
* Interferon show potential for treating and preventing viral infections
* Vaccine stimulates immunity

69
Q

chronic persistent disease, long period of latency, deposition of protein fibrils in the brain tissue

A

Spongiform encephalopathies

70
Q

defective forms of viruses, dependent on other viruses for replication

A

Satellite viruses

71
Q

parasitize plants, composed of naked strands of RNA

A

Viroids

MycoViro PRELIM (3 decks)

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