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MycoViro PRELIM > Basic Virology > Flashcards

Basic Virology Flashcards

1
Q

substance produced in the body as the result of disease, especially one capable of infecting others

A

Virus

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2
Q

rapid spread

A

Viral

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3
Q

disease in tobacco was caused by a virus. who showed it?

A

Ivanovski and Beijernick

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4
Q

animal virus that causes foot and mouth disease in cattle. who showed it?

A

Loeffler and Frosch

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5
Q

cannot exist and multiply independently and potentially active but inert entities outside cells

A

Obligate Intracellular Parasites

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6
Q

viruses cannot be seen under the light microscope? T or F

A

T

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7
Q

viruses can be seen under electron microscope? T or F

A

T

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8
Q

what type of microscope can we use to view viruses?

A

electron microscope

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9
Q

used to identify the viruses

A

Genetic Sequencing

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10
Q

ultramicroscopic size of viruses

A

20nm-450nm

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11
Q

combination of the nucleic acid core and capsid

A

Nucleocapsid

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12
Q

individually made up of capsomers

A

Capsid

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13
Q

molecules on virus surface impart ? for attachment?

A

High Specificity

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14
Q

how does viruses multiply?

A

by taking control of host cell’s genetic material and regulating the synthesis and assembly of new viruses

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15
Q

for most metabolic processes?

A

Lack Enzymes

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16
Q

for synthesizing proteins?

A

Lack Machinery

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17
Q

proliferation of viral particles during which the virus cannot be detected in the host?

A

Eclipse Period

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18
Q

external coating that is made up of capsomers?

A

Capsid

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19
Q

capsid+nucleic acid?

A

Nucleocapsid

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20
Q

fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection?

A

Virion

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21
Q

used for attachment similar to our organisms in bacteria they may have pili or fimbriae?

A

Spikes

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22
Q

the capsid is constructed from identical subunits called?

A

Capsomers

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23
Q

rod shaped capsomers

A

Helical

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24
Q

3-dimentional, 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners

A

Icosahedral

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25
like the pox virus
Complex
26
take a bit of the host cell membrane to form of envelope
Enveloped Viruses
27
Functions of viral capsid/envelope
* Protects nucleic acids * Introduce the viral DNA and RNA * Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that protect the host cells against future infections
28
sum total of the genetic information carried by an organism
Genome
29
genomes that are ready for immediate translation into proteins
Positive-sense RNA
30
genomes have to be converted into the proper form to be made into proteins
Negative-sense RNA
31
to synthesize DNA and RNA
Polymerases
32
to copy RNA
Replicases
33
the virus attaches to its host cell by specific binding of its spikes to cell receptors.
Adsorption
34
the virus is engulfed into a vesicle and its envelope is uncoated
Penetration
35
thereby, the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm
Uncoated
36
under the control of viral genes, thecell synthesizes the basic components of new viruses: RNA molecules, capsomers, spikes
Synthesis
37
viral spike proteins are inserted into the cell membrane for the viral envelope; nucleocapsid is formed from RNA and capsomers
Assembly
38
enveloped viruses are located in the membrane carrying envelope with spikes. Complete virus or virion is now ready to infect another cell
Release
39
encounters susceptible host cells and is required to be an exact fit
Adsorption
40
flexible cell membrane of the host is penetrated by the whole virus or its nucleic acid
Penetration
41
engulfed by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle
Endocytosis
42
enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid
Uncoating
43
free viral nucleic acid exerts control over the host’s synthetic and metabolic machinery
Synthesis
44
enter the host cells nucleus where they are replicated and assembled
DNA viruses
45
replicated and assembled in the cytoplasm
RNA viruses
46
mature virus particles are constructed from the growing pool of parts
Assembly
47
nonenveloped and complex viruses are released when the cell lyses or rupture
Release
48
hm virions are released upon rupture?
3000-100000
49
entire length of cycle?
8-36 hours
50
virus-induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance
Cytopathic effects
51
compacted masses of viruses or damaged cells organelles
Inclusion bodies
52
Cells round up; inclusion appear in cytoplasm
Smallpox virus
53
Cells fuse to form multinucleated syncytia; nuclear inclusions
Herpes simplex
54
Clumping of cells; nuclear inclusion
Adenovirus
55
Cell lysis; no inclusion
Poliovirus
56
Cell enlargement; vacuoles and inclusions in cytoplasm
Reovirus
57
Cells round up; no inclusion
Influenza virus
58
No change in cell shape; cytoplasmic inclusion
Rabies virus
59
Syncytia form (multinucleate)
Measles virus
60
mammalian virus capable of initiating tumors
Oncoviruses
61
Icosahedral capsid head containing DNA and its Central tube surrounded by a sheath
T Even Phages
62
special DNA phages that undergo adsorption and penetration but are not replicated or released immediately
Temperate phages
63
the cell’s progeny will also have the temperate phage DNA
Lysogeny
64
when a bacterium acquires a new trait from its temperate phage
Lysogenic conversion
65
came from human
heLA cell line
66
TECHNIQUES IN CULTIVATING AND IDENTIFYING ANIMAL VIRUSES
* primary purposes of viral cultivation (isolate and identify, prepare viruses for vaccines, detailed research) * using live animal ionculation (white mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, invertebrates or nonhuman primates) * using bird embryo (chicken, duck, turkey)
67
MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF VIRUSES
* Most common cause of acute infection * can have very high mortality rates * long term debility
68
TREATMENT OF ANIMAL VIRAL INFECTIONS
*are not bacteria, antibiotics are INEEFECTIVE * Anti viral drugs blocks virus replication by targeting one of the steps in viral life cycle * Interferon show potential for treating and preventing viral infections * Vaccine stimulates immunity
69
chronic persistent disease, long period of latency, deposition of protein fibrils in the brain tissue
Spongiform encephalopathies
70
defective forms of viruses, dependent on other viruses for replication
Satellite viruses
71
parasitize plants, composed of naked strands of RNA
Viroids

MycoViro PRELIM (3 decks)

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