DNA and The Production Of Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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2
Q

What shape is a strand of DNA and what is it made of?

A

DNA is in the shape of a double helix it is made from a deoxyribose backbone and complimentary base pairs

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene refers to the section of the DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular protein

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4
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is an X shaped structure which contains the genetic instructions or genes to make the cells proteins

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5
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid - contains all genetic information and is a double helix structure

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6
Q

Why is each persons DNA unique?

A

Each persons DNA is unique because they inherit half of the chromosomes from the mothers egg and half from the fathers sperm during fertilisation

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7
Q

What are the complimentary base pairs?

A

A - T

C - G

A - Adenine
T - Thymine
G - Guanine
C - Cytosine

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8
Q

What causes a Genetic Mutation?

A

Usually each gene makes the protein it codes for properly and the protein does its function correctly in the cell but sometimes there is a mutation and the protein is not made properly

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9
Q

What are two examples of Genetic Mutation?

A

Huntington’s Disease - Autosomal Dominant

Downs Syndrome - A Chromosomal Abnormality (Trisomy 21)

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10
Q

What is the Genetic Code and what does it do?

A

Genetic code determines the order in which amino acids are joint together to produce a specific protein. The code itself is determined by the order of the bases in the DNA molecule. Based on different strands are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

What are the stages of Protein Synthesis?

A

1- The DNA on a chromosome open at one gene and the bases of that gene are copied to make a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA)

2- The mRNA leaves the nucleus and carries a copy of the base code to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell.

3- The ribosome translates the mRNA into a protein according to the order of its bases by putting amino acids together in a particular order according to the mRNA base sequence

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12
Q

How many bases (eg. ATG) are needed to create one amino acid?

A

Three bases carry the code for one amino acid each amino acid is different depending on the combination of bases

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13
Q

What are some jobs of the proteins produced?

A

Structural (muscle tissue)
e.g Cardiac

Controlling Cell Activity (enzyme)
e.g Cell Membrane

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