DNA and The Production Of Proteins Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What shape is a strand of DNA and what is it made of?
DNA is in the shape of a double helix it is made from a deoxyribose backbone and complimentary base pairs
What is a gene?
A gene refers to the section of the DNA on a chromosome which codes for a particular protein
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is an X shaped structure which contains the genetic instructions or genes to make the cells proteins
What is DNA?
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid - contains all genetic information and is a double helix structure
Why is each persons DNA unique?
Each persons DNA is unique because they inherit half of the chromosomes from the mothers egg and half from the fathers sperm during fertilisation
What are the complimentary base pairs?
A - T
C - G
A - Adenine
T - Thymine
G - Guanine
C - Cytosine
What causes a Genetic Mutation?
Usually each gene makes the protein it codes for properly and the protein does its function correctly in the cell but sometimes there is a mutation and the protein is not made properly
What are two examples of Genetic Mutation?
Huntington’s Disease - Autosomal Dominant
Downs Syndrome - A Chromosomal Abnormality (Trisomy 21)
What is the Genetic Code and what does it do?
Genetic code determines the order in which amino acids are joint together to produce a specific protein. The code itself is determined by the order of the bases in the DNA molecule. Based on different strands are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds
What are the stages of Protein Synthesis?
1- The DNA on a chromosome open at one gene and the bases of that gene are copied to make a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA)
2- The mRNA leaves the nucleus and carries a copy of the base code to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell.
3- The ribosome translates the mRNA into a protein according to the order of its bases by putting amino acids together in a particular order according to the mRNA base sequence
How many bases (eg. ATG) are needed to create one amino acid?
Three bases carry the code for one amino acid each amino acid is different depending on the combination of bases
What are some jobs of the proteins produced?
Structural (muscle tissue)
e.g Cardiac
Controlling Cell Activity (enzyme)
e.g Cell Membrane
