DNA and RNA Study Set

Question 1

Hershey and Chase

Answer 1

1952, confirmed DNA was the genetic material in viruses

Question 2

Avery

Answer 2

1940, concluded that DNA is the information that caused transformation

Question 3

Griffith

Answer 3

1928, showed that information can be passed from dead bacteria to live bacteria (transformation)

Question 4

Transformation

Question 5

Watson and Crick

Answer 5

1953, discovered the structure of DNA, double-helix

Question 6

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 6

1953, confirmed DNA structure by using X-Ray diffraction

Question 7

Structure of DNA

Answer 7

double helix, spiral staircase

Question 8

Nucleotide

Question 9

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 9

sugar, posphate, and nitrogen base

Question 10

4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 10

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 11

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 11

A pairs with T and G pairs with C

Question 12

Bond that holds nitrogen bases together

Answer 12

hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Forms the sides of DNA

Answer 13

sugar and phosphate (nucleotides), held together by covalent bonds

Question 14

Bond that holds the sides of DNA together

Answer 14

covalent bonds

Question 15

Complementary Bases

Answer 15

Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

Question 16

DNA replication

Answer 16

process of using DNA to make more DNA (1/2 old, 1/2 new)

Question 17

Steps in replication

Answer 17

1. DNA helicase helps DNA unwind. 2. DNA polymerase adds the correct nucleotides to DNA. 3. Continues until there are 2 new strands of DNA

Question 18

Helicase

Answer 18

helps DNA unwind

Question 19

DNA polymerase

Answer 19

adds the correct nucleotides to DNA

Question 20

Where is DNA found

Question 21

What is the sugar in DNA

Answer 21

deoxyribose

Question 22

What does DNA stand for

Answer 22

deoxy ribonucleic acid

Question 23

Semi-conservative

Question 24

What does RNA stand for

Answer 24

ribonucleic acid

Question 25

What is the sugar in RNA

Answer 25

ribose

Question 26

4 nitrogen bases in RNA

Answer 26

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Question 27

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 27

sugars are different: RNA- ribose DNA- deoxyribose, RNA- single stranded DNA- double stranded, DNA- thymine RNA- uracil

Question 28

3 types of RNA

Answer 28

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 29

mRNA

Answer 29

messenger RNA, carries the directions for making proteins from nucleus to ribosomes

Question 30

tRNA

Answer 30

transfer RNA, transfers amino acids to ribosomes to make proteins

Question 31

rRNA

Answer 31

ribosomal RNA, found on ribosomes and helps assemble proteins

Question 32

Transcription

Answer 32

using DNA to make RNA

Question 33

Steps in transcription

Question 34

RNA polymerase

Question 35

Codon

Question 36

Anticodon

Question 37

Promoter

Question 38

Terminal signal

Question 39

Translation

Question 40

Where does transcription occur

Question 41

Site of protein synthesis

Question 42

Steps in translation

Question 43

Know how to write a complementary strand of DNA

Question 44

Know how to determine which amino acid it is

Question 45

Know how to write mRNA code from DNA

Question 46

Know how to write tRNA code from mRNA

Question 47

Genome

Question 48

Mutation

Question 49

Gene mutation

Question 50

Point mutation

Question 51

Frameshift mutation

Question 52

Chromosome mutation

Question 53

Inversion

Question 54

Translocation

Question 55

Deletion

Question 56

Duplication