Biology Final Part 2

Question 1

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 1

packs and ships proteins out of the cell

Question 2

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 2

delivers proteins with ribosomes

Question 3

Plasma Membrane

Answer 3

bi-layer, controls movement of substances in and out

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

‘powerhouse’ of the cell

Question 5

Ribosome

Answer 5

Makes proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 6

Cell Wall

Answer 6

found outside the cell membrane, provides support and protection

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

store nutrients and water cell can rely on for survival

Question 8

Central Vacuole

Answer 8

storage tank for water, food, and waste

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

control center, directs cell activities, contains DNA

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

dark-staining structure in the nucleus; makes ribosomes

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

gel-like mixture within a cell, surrounded by cell membrane, contains cell structures (nucleus, ER)

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

digestive ‘plant’ for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

found in plant cells, contains chlorophyll

Question 14

Centriole

Answer 14

helps animal cells divide

Question 15

Prokaryote

Answer 15

believed first to evolve, no membrane band, nucleus, nor organelles

Question 16

Eukaryote

Answer 16

2 major types, plant- rectangular, chloroplasts, animal- circular, vacuole, cell wall

Question 17

Plant vs Animal Cell

Answer 17

plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells have a distinct nucleus

Question 18

Levels of Cellular Organization

Answer 18

molecules - macromolecules - organelles - cells - tssues - organs - organ systems - organism

Question 19

Active Transport

Answer 19

requires energy, low to high concentration (swimming up stream)

Question 20

Passive Transport

Answer 20

doesn’t require energy, high to low concentraion (perfume, food coloring)

Question 21

Protein Pump

Answer 21

Active, sodium-potassium pump is one 3 sodium in 2 potassium out

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

how the cell brings in large particles

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

cell getting rid of waste

Question 24

Ion Channel

Answer 24

specific to what ion it allows to enter the cell

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

passive, diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 27

moves from high to low concentration, needs help from a carrier protein to enter the cell (sugar)

Question 28

Pinocytosis

Answer 28

“cell-drinking”

Question 29

Phagocystosis

Answer 29

“cell-eating”