Cell Division Study Set

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

made of DNA, carry genetic information

Question 2

Chromatid

Answer 2

duplicate half of a chromosome

Question 3

Centromere

Answer 3

holds 2 chromatids together

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

unraveled DNA, cannot see

Question 5

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 5

2, x+y

Question 6

Autosomes

Answer 6

non-sex chromosomes, 44

Question 7

number of chromosomes in a normal human cell

Answer 7

46

Question 8

number of chromosomes in a human sex cell

Answer 8

23

Question 9

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 9

matched pairs of chromosomes

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

full number of chromosomes

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

half number of chromosomes

Question 12

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 12

2 parents, fewer offspring, takes longer, genetic variation

Question 13

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 13

1 parent, multiple offspring, takes less time, genetically identical

Question 14

Binary Fission

Answer 14

type of asexual reproduction

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

division of non-sex cells

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

sex cells, spermazoan and ovum

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

division of nucleus in sex cells

Question 18

Interphase

Answer 18

time between division, cells spend 90% of the time here

Question 19

Cytokinesis

Answer 19

division of the cytoplasm

Question 20

G1

Answer 20

first, cell grows, part of interphase

Question 21

S

Answer 21

second, DNA is copied, part of interphase

Question 22

G2

Answer 22

third, cell prepares to divide, part of interphase

Question 23

Prophase

Answer 23

nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes are visible, help animal cells divide

Question 24

Metaphase

Answer 24

lines up down the middle (equator), spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

Question 25

Anaphase

Answer 25

chromosomes seperate and move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 26

Telophase

Answer 26

nuclear membrane returns, chromosomes invisible, spindle fibers go away, cells begin to pinch apart

Question 27

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 27

where cell begins to pinch apart

Question 28

Cell Plate

Answer 28

forms between two plant cells to seperate them

Question 29

Spindle Fibers

Answer 29

attach to chromosomes and pulls them apart, thread-like structures

Question 30

Cancer

Answer 30

abnormal growth of cells

Question 30

Tetrad

Answer 30

2 homologous chromosomes line up together

Question 30

Prophase II

Answer 30

same as prophase, no crossing over, chromatids

Question 30

Crossing Over

Answer 30

chromosomes overlap and share genetic information

Question 30

Prophase I

Answer 30

crossing over occurs, same as prophase, called homologous chromosomes

Question 30

Metaphase I

Answer 30

Same as metaphase, homologous chromosomes

Question 30

Anaphase I

Answer 30

same as anaphase, homologous chromosomes

Question 31

Telophase I

Answer 31

same as telophase, haploid cells

Question 32

Metaphase II

Answer 32

same as metaphase, chromatids

Question 33

Anaphase II

Answer 33

same as anaphase, chromatids

Question 34

Telophase II

Answer 34

same as telophase, chromatids, 4 attend

Question 35

Cell Cycle

Answer 35

process a cell goes through from one division to the next

Question 36

Zygote

Answer 36

fertilized egg, diploid

Question 37

Oogenesis

Answer 37

production of egg cells, 1 egg + 3 polar bodies per division, all eggs at birth, puberty-menopause

Question 38

Spermatogenesis

Answer 38

production of sperm 4 sperm per division, puberty-death

Question 39

Polar Bodies

Answer 39

start as egg cells, become food for eggs