DNA and RNA

Question 0

DNA

Answer 0

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

Question 1

Universal Code

Answer 1

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.

Question 2

Double Helix

Answer 2

a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 3

Thymine

Answer 3

; pairs with adenine

Question 4

Deoxyribose

Answer 4

Sugar only in DNA

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

weak bonds between phosphate bases

Question 6

Complimentary

Answer 6

when a base pairs with the other base (ex: A-T, G-C)

Question 7

Semi Conservative

Answer 7

relating to or denoting replication of a nucleic acid in which one complete strand of each double helix is directly derived from the parent molecule.

Question 8

Nucleic Acid

Answer 8

a complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 9

Nucleotide

Answer 9

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 10

Phosphate

Answer 10

salt of a phosphoric acid

Question 11

Nitrogen Base

Answer 11

a nitrogen-containing organic compound that has the chemical properties of a base, especially a pyrimidine or purine

Question 12

Guanine

Answer 12

pairs with cytosine; phosphate

Question 13

Cytosine

Answer 13

pairs with guanine; phosphate

Question 14

Adenine

Answer 14

phosphate; paris with thymine in DNA and uracil in mRNA

Question 15

Covalent Bond

Answer 15

between phosphate and sugar

Question 16

Pyrimidine

Answer 16

organic compound

Question 17

Purine

Answer 17

A or G

Question 18

RNA

Answer 18

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

messenger RNA carries information to the ribosome to make a protein

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

serves as the physical link between the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acids and the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Question 21

rRNA

Answer 21

ribosomal ribonucleic acid is the RNA component of the ribosome

Question 22

Uracil

Answer 22

phosphate only found in mRNA

Question 23

Ribose

Answer 23

sugar in RNA

Question 24

Replication

Answer 24

the action of copying or reproducing something.

Question 25

Replication Fork

Answer 25

Unwinds the DNA double helix with helicase

Question 26

Helicase

Answer 26

Unzips the DNA

Question 27

Polymerase

Answer 27

an enzyme that brings about the formation of a particular polymer, esp. DNA or RNA.

Question 28

Protein Synthesis

Answer 28

Protein biosynthesis is the process by which biological cells generate new proteins

Question 29

Codon

Answer 29

a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Question 31

Translation

Answer 31

A step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 32

Promoter

Answer 32

A site in a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription of mRNA.

Question 33

Termination signal

Answer 33

A termination signal is found at the end of the part of the chromosome being transcribed during transcription of mRNA. It is needed because only parts of the chromosome are transcribed.

Question 34

Anticodon

Answer 34

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA

Question 35

Intron

Answer 35

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.

Question 36

Exon

Answer 36

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.

Question 37

Operator

Answer 37

A segment of DNA where the repressor binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain genes.

Question 38

Mutation

Answer 38

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Question 39

Mutagen

Answer 39

an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.

Question 40

Point mutation

Answer 40

a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

Question 41

Frame shift

Answer 41

a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

Question 42

Substitution

Answer 42

Switching a phosphate with another one in mRNA

Question 43

Insertion

Answer 43

the action of putting a new phosphate in

Question 44

Deletion

Answer 44

the loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome.