Biochemistry of cells

Question 0

Plasmolysis

Answer 0

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

Question 1

Cytolysis

Answer 1

the dissolution or disruption of cells, esp. by an external agent.

Question 2

Turgor Pressure

Answer 2

Turgor pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls.

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 4

Pinocytosis

Answer 4

the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.

Question 5

Endocytosis

Answer 5

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 6

Exocytosis

Answer 6

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

Question 7

Carrier Protien

Answer 7

are proteins involved in the movement of large molecules in and out of a cell, down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Passive Transport

Answer 8

transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

the spreading of something more widely.

Question 10

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 10

is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Question 11

Ion Channel

Answer 11

A single protein or protein complex that traverses the lipid bilayer of cell membrane and form a channel to facilitate the movement of ions through the membrane according to their electrochemical gradient

Question 12

Concentration gradient

Answer 12

a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution; “the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient is called diffusion

Question 13

Hypertonic

Answer 13

A solution that has higher osmotic pressure (or has more solutes) than another solution to which it is compared.

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

having reduced pressure or tone, in particular.

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, esp. one in a cell or a body fluid.

Question 17

Contractile vacuole

Answer 17

a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.

Question 18

Phagocyte

Answer 18

a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 20

Vesicles

Answer 20

a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.

Question 22

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 22

Na+ /K+ -ATPase is an antiporter enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. The Na+ /K+ -ATPase enzyme pumps sodium out of cells, while pumping potassium into cells.