Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 12 > DNA and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA

A

a polymer of nucleotides which was formed by dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 functions does DNA have

A
  • controls cellular activities
  • makes exact copies of itself
  • undergoes mutations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each nucleotide is made of:

A
  • pentose sugar
  • phophate group
  • nitrogen base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purines have a single or double carbon ring structure

A

Double (adenine and guanine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyrimidines have a single or double carbon ring structure

A

Single (thymine, cytosine, uracil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of helix does dna compared to rna have

A

DNA: double helix
RNA: single helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each strand of nucleotides are linked together with ___ bonds

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purines ALWAYS have to be with

A

Pyrimidines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: the number of purines=the number of pyrimidines

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What codes for hereditary information

A

The sequence of bases in DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What controls special characteristics and is located on the chromosomes.

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false: thousands of genes make up a single chromosome

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genes always occur in ___

A

Pairs (mom and dad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cellular chemical reactions

A

Genes controlling the formation of enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are chromosomes located

A

In histones (tightly wound protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Before a cell divides what needs to happen

A

DNA must undergo replication

17
Q

What is the new complimentary strand of DNA produced called?

A

Semi conservative replication

18
Q

The template strand of DNA that is being duplicated is called

A

Parental strand

19
Q

Why does replication need to happen before a cell divides

A

So that the daughter cell has the same genetic material of the parent (template) cell

20
Q

Name the order of DNA replication

A
  1. Unzipping
  2. Complementary base
  3. Hydrogen Bonds form
  4. Adjacent nucleotides bond
21
Q

Why do we have RNA

A
  • generic material of some viruses
  • necessary for protein synthesis
  • could have been “original” nucleic acid
22
Q

RNA is made of:

A
  • ribose (5 carbon sugar)
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogen base
23
Q

in RNA uracil replaces what nitrogen base

A

Thymine

24
Q

RNA is ____stranded

A

Single

25
Q

Name the 3 types of RNA

A
  • rRNA (ribosomal)
  • mRNA (messanger)
  • tRNA (transfer)
26
Q

Ribosomes are made up of 2 __ subunits

A

rRNA

27
Q

mRNA is made by:

A

Copying sections of DNA template strand by transcription

28
Q

What is able to recognize a specific amino acid by its anti-codon

A

tRNA

29
Q

What is the strand that isnt read by mRNA called

A

non-sense strand

30
Q

Enzyme used is transcription

A

RNA polymerase

31
Q

Where does transceiption take place

A

Dark coloured spots in the nucleus

32
Q

Steps in transcription

A
  1. DNA unzips
  2. Complementary bases
  3. Covalent bonds form with RNA nucleotides
  4. RNA strand is released from DNA
  5. DNA forms hydrogen bonds
33
Q

What is translation

A

Translating mRNA codons into a sequence of amino acids to form a primary polypeptide structure

34
Q

What is an anti codon

A

complementary sequence to the codon; found on tRNA

35
Q

Translation in 3 steps

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination

Bio 12 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions