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Bio 12 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the cell membrane made up of

A

Thin layer of lipids and proteins

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2
Q

What have scientists agreed up the cell membrane model

A

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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3
Q

Each phoshpholipid has ___ and ____

A

2 fatty acids and phosphate head

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4
Q

Cell wall is made up of 300 ___ chain

A

Glucose

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5
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by

A

Nucleur envelope

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6
Q

Nucleus gets its genetic information from __

A

DNA

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7
Q

what are histones

A

Tightly wound strands of DNA coiled up with proteins

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8
Q

DNA and histone proteins together are __

A

Chromatin

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9
Q

What are chromosomes function

A
  • unpacks DNA in cell division

* controls protein and lipid synthesis

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10
Q

How many membranes does the nucleur envelope have

A

2 phoshpolipid biylayers

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11
Q

What does the nucleolus store?

A

rRNA

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12
Q

Why are the tubular canals in the ER important

A

Because it increases surface area; “the maze” that passes proteins through it

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13
Q

Rough ER produces lipids or proteins

A

Proteins (ribosomes attached)

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14
Q

Smooth ER produces lipids or proteins

A

Lipids (no ribosomes attached)

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15
Q

What two identical subunits are ribosomes made of

A

small and large

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16
Q

rRNA and proteins make up what?

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Clusters of ribosomes which produce proteins for inside the cell

A

Polyribosomes

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18
Q

What are the hollow tubes in the golgi apparatus called and what does each one contain?

A

Saccules contain enzymes

19
Q

What is exocytosis vs. Endocystosis

A

Leaving the cell and entering the cell

20
Q

What are vacouoles used for?

A

Storage

21
Q

What are vessicles used for?

A

Transportation of nutrients

22
Q

What type of enzymes do lysosomes have

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

23
Q

Lysosomes perform digestive processes like ___ and ___

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

24
Q

How many layered membranes does the mitochondria have

A

2

25
Q

Inside of mitochondria responsible for cellular respiration

A

Cristae

26
Q

The cytoplasm of the mitochondria

A

The matrix

27
Q

How many ATP molecules are formed for every sugar in cellular respiration

A

38

28
Q

What 2 organelles are considered endosymbiotic?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

29
Q

What are plastids compared to chloroplasts

A
  • both are only found in plant cells
  • plastids gives plants their colour
  • chloroplast is a specific plasted which turns green through photosynthesis
30
Q

What organelle uses the opposite reaction that cellular respiration would in animal cells

A

Chloroplasts (through photosynthesis)

31
Q

Where is chlorophyll in a chloroplast located

A

Grana

32
Q

Cytoplasm of chloroplasts

A

Stroma

33
Q

Each layer within a grana is called a ___

A

Thylakoid (looks like a coin)

34
Q

What organelle is located near the nucleus, appears in pairs, and gives rise to basal bodies in animala

A

Centrioles

35
Q

What does a basal body do

A

Direct the formation of cilia and flagella

36
Q

What two things make of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules and actin filiaments

37
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do

A

Maintains the shape and structure within the cell

38
Q

What is each microtubule made up of

A

13 rows of tubulin proteins to make a hollow tube

39
Q

What do microfilaments do

A

Responsible for movement in and out of the cell

40
Q

What proteins make up microtubules

A

Actin or myosin proteins

41
Q

What arrangment is cilia

A

9+2 arrangment of microtubules

42
Q

What does cilia or flagella need in order to move

A

ATP (energy source)

43
Q

True or false: flagella has the same microtubule arrangment as cilia

A

True, 9+2

44
Q

What is diffusion

A

Molecules going from high to low concentration

Bio 12 (4 decks)

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