DNA and Genetics Flashcards
State the 4 nucleotide bases within the DNA molecule.
A, T, C and G
State the name given to the twisted shape of the DNA molecule.
Double helix
Name the bonds which hold together the strands of the DNA double helix
Hydrogen bonds. (weak)
Name the three components of an extraction buffer.
Salt, water and detergent
Name the chemical that is added to precipitate the DNA from a solution during the DNA extraction core practical
Ice cold ethanol
Define allele
A different version of the same gene
How many pairs of chromosomes are found within the human genome?
23 pairs
Define heterozygous
When an organism has two alleles for a particular gene and they are different
Define recessive allele
Allele that is only expressed when 2 copies are inherited
State the sex chromosomes for a man
XY
Define mutation
A change in the sequence of bases within DNA
Name the enzyme used in genetic engineering which cuts the DNA strand
Restriction enzymes
Name the enzyme used in genetic engineering which genes DNA strands back together with the sticky ends
Ligase enzymes
What is defined as a small circular strand of DNA. They are found within many species of bacteria
Plasmid
Two different pieces of DNA join together from two different organisms is called a what?
Recombinant DNA
