DNA and Gene

Question 1

Human genome is made up of

Answer 1

Tow sets of 23 chromosomes

Question 2

Genes are made up of

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

DNA is composed of

Answer 3

Phosphate (nucleotide)
Ribose sugar (nucleotide)
Base

Question 4

Name the four bases

Answer 4

(A) Adenine (T) Thymine

(C) Cytosine (G) Guanine

Question 5

Mutation

Answer 5

A sudden change in a chromosome or gene

Question 6

heterozygous

Answer 6

Describes an organism with a pair of genes, where each is a different allele (i.e one dominant, one recessive)

Question 7

phenotype

Answer 7

The visible, as opposed to the genetic, characteristics of an organism

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A length of DNA coding for one protein

Question 9

Replication

Answer 9

Process in which a DNA molecule ‘unzips’, then new bases are added to each side, and two identical molecules are formed

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

A ‘version’ of a gene. Each version codes for a different phenotype (e.g blue eyes, or brown)

Question 11

Fertilisation

Answer 11

It happens when sperm and ovum come together, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes

Question 12

Chromatids

Answer 12

Two identical copies of a chromosome, held together by the ‘centromere’, just before division

Question 13

homozygous

Answer 13

An organism whose alleles for a particular gene are both the same

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

When a cell divides and produces two cells with identical chromosomes

Question 15

Recessive

Answer 15

An allele whose feature, e.g. blue eyes, is only seen when there are two copies, (i.e. when homozygous)

Question 16

Diploid

Answer 16

Describes a cell with two sets of chromosomes (a set from each parent)

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

The part of a cell which contains chromosomes

Question 18

Gene(s)

Answer 18

They determine our inherited characteristics

Question 19

Gametes

Answer 19

Sperms and ova (eggs)

Question 20

Chromosome

Answer 20

Long strand of DNA, made up of many different genes. ONly visible when tightly coiled.

Question 21

Genome

Answer 21

A name for the full set of genes possessed by an organism

Question 22

Zygote

Answer 22

A fertilised egg cell

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

When a cell divides twice to produce four cells with only one set (u.e. half the normal number) of chromosomes.

Question 24

What is the name of the basic unit of DNA?

Answer 24

nucleotide

Question 25

What shape does DNA form?

Answer 25

Double Helix

Question 26

Which structures are made of long strands of DNA and how many are there in humans?

Answer 26

Chromosomes, 46

Question 27

What do the order of bases code for?

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

What do we use to “cut” DNA during genetic engineering

Answer 28

Restriction enzymes

Question 29

plasmids ad viruses are used as what in genetic modification?

Answer 29

Vector

Question 30

Which enzymes acts as “glue” in Genetic Modification?

Answer 30

DNA ligase

Question 31

An organism containing DNA from a different species is called what?

Answer 31

Transgenic

Question 32

The production of which human hormone uses recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 32

Insulin