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Grade 12 BIO > Dna > Flashcards

Dna Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 2 major types of proteins

A

Histones- basic proteins with a positive charge that binds to dna
Non Histones- all other proteins associated with dna

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2
Q

Conservative replication

A

2 strands of dna are replicated without strand replication

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3
Q

Semi conservative replication

A

Every new helix has one old and one new strand

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4
Q

Dispersive replication

A

After replication every helix contains parts of old and new strands all over the Dna molecule

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5
Q

When was meleson and stahls experiment

A

1958

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6
Q

What did there experiment determine about the mechanism of dna replication

A

DNA replicates semi conservatively

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7
Q

Starting point

A

Origin of replication

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8
Q

What does the helicase do?

A

Breaks hydrogen bonds and unwinds strands of DNA

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9
Q

Replication fork

A

Is the point of separation

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10
Q

Single strand binding proteins (ssbs)

A

Bind to exposed bases

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11
Q

DNA grass (topoisomerase)

A

Relieves tension from unwinding DNA

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12
Q

Leading strand

A

Built continuously toward the replication fork

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13
Q

Lagging strand

A

Built away from replication fork in a short (Okazaki) fragments

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14
Q

Human cells copy and error rate

A

Copies DNA in few hours, and it’s error rate is 1 per billion nucleotide pairs

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15
Q

2 types of errors

A

Mispairing, and strand slippage

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16
Q

Similarities in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Elongation in the 5’ to 3’ direction
Requires a origin of replication
Uses DNA polymerase enzymes

17
Q

Differences in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Replication is faster in prokaryotes
DNA polymerase enzymes are different in structure and number
Linear chromosomes contain telomeres

18
Q

Initiation

A

Starts when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA

19
Q

Elongation

A

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and opens up the helix

20
Q

Termination

A

mRNA strand is synthesized until it reaches the end of the gene

21
Q

Gene expression

A

Transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA to protein

22
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA (anticodon loop)

Grade 12 BIO (4 decks)

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