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Grade 12 BIO > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Wall

Structure and function

A

S- composed of cellulose
F- strength and rigidity to the cell
Prevents cell from bursting or wilting

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2
Q

Cell membrane (s and f)

A

S- fluid
Made up of phospholipid bilayer with proteins
F- separates interior from outside world
Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

S-watery gel like fluid
f- chemical activities take place here
Contains absorbed materials that are transported and processed

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

S- contains nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus
Surrounded by nuclear membrane
F- controls cells activities

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5
Q

Nucleolus

A

S- contains RNA and protein

F- involved in making ribosomal RNA

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6
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

S- same as cell membrane
F- present in eukaryotic cells (plants+animals)
Absent in prokaryotic cells (bacteria+algae)
Contains pores which regulate movement of macromolecules and ribosomes

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7
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

S- same as cytoplasm

F- chemical activities of nucleus take place here

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8
Q

Chromatin

A

S- long threads of genetic material (DNA and proteins)
F- contains DNA which determines cells characteristics
Condense into chromosomes during cell division

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

S- tiny, kidney shaped
Contains inner membrane which is folded
F- powerhouse of the cell: provides energy through cell respiration
Produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) a high energy molecule

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10
Q

Ribosome

A

S- Made up of RNA and protein
Very small: 2 subunits
F- synthesize proteins

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

S- Network of interconnected canals
Smooth ER or rough ER
F- SER- fats and lipids synthesized+transported
RER- transports proteins which are synthesized from ribosomes on surface

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

S- flattened sacs
F- stores, modifies, and package proteins from ER
releases vesicles that are used in exocytosis and endocytosis

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13
Q

Vacuole

A

S- fluid filled sac
F- storage of sugars, minerals, proteins, water
Provides physical support in plants using turgor pressure

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14
Q

Lysosomes

A 
S- vesicles containing enzymes 
F- breaks down large molecules to: 
1. Digest food particles 
2. Destroy harmful bacteria
3. Destroy damaged or worn out cells
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15
Q

Chloroplast

A

S- oval shaped, double membrane
Contains chlorophyll
F- where photosynthesis occurs: carbon dioxide + water} glucose + oxygen

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16
Q

Other plastids

A

S- single membrane sacs
F- chromoplast- stores coloured pigments in fruits/flowers etc
Amyloplast- stores starch

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17
Q

Micro tubule

A

S- pipe like structure composed of protein
F- supports organelles: provides shape for the cell
Main structural component of spindle fibres, centrioles, cilia, and flagella

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18
Q

Microfilament

A

S- tiny fibres

F- provides shape for the cell: supports organelles

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19
Q

Cilia

A

S- made of micro tubules
Short; many present
F- move in coordinated manner
Aid in movement (single celled organisms)
Creates current to move substances (ex windpipe)

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20
Q

Flagella

A

S- same as cilia
Long; usually 1 present
F- helps cell move
Like a propellor (ex human sperm)

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21
Q

Centriole

A

S-2 bundles of micro tubules
F- found only in animal cells
During cell divison, produces spindle fibres which help organize chromosomes

22
Q

Name 3 things that could affect a enzyme

A

Surrounding conditions
PH
Temp

23
Q

The fatty acids of a saturated fat have…..

a) many double bonds
b) no double bonds
c) fewer carbon atoms

A

No double bonds

24
Q

The monomer for starch is
Monosaccharide
Amino acid
Fatty acid

A

Monosaccharide

25
Q

The monomer for a protein is
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Nucleotide

A

Amino acid

26
Q 
Which of these molecules is a disaccharide 
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
Cellulose
A

Sucrose

27
Q

Two isomers vary by….
Chemical formula
Structural formula

A

Structural formula

28
Q

Which of these carbohydrates polymers is highly branched
Maltose
Cellulose
Glycogen

A

Glycogen

29
Q 
A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids connected to one
Glucose
Glycogen
Glycerol
None of these
A

Glycerol

30
Q

A triglyceride is formed by
Peptide bond
Ester linkage
Glycosidic linkage

A

Ester linkage

31
Q

At room temp, polyunsaturated lipids would form?

A

Oil

32
Q

Proteins have many functions. Which function is not related to proteins

A

Insulating against heat loss

33
Q

A dipeptide is ?

A

Two amino acids combined together

34
Q

Protein structure can be organized into how many levels?

A

4

35
Q

Identify 3 ways that lipids contribute to the success of a living organism

A

Insulating against heat loss
Store energy
Transport nutrients

36
Q

What does the rough ER look like and do

A

Looks like sandpaper, produce proteins that are collected within the ER

37
Q

What does the smooth ER look like and do

A

Smooth ER has no ribosomes unlike the rough ER, this synthesizes lipid and lipid containing molecules such as the phospholipids , that make up membranes

38
Q

How many parts is the endoplasmic reticulum divided into?

Name each

A

Divided into 2 parts, the rough and smooth ER

39
Q

Diagrams of cell, the chart and amino acids

A

Finish this

40
Q

What is the rate of diffusion

A

How fast diffusion occurs

41
Q

List the factors that affect the rate of diffusion (5)

A 
Molecules size- bigger are slower 
Molecule polarity- more polar are slower
Ion charge- more charge are slower 
Temp- proportional 
Pressure- proportional
42
Q

Name the 2 ways to transport across the plasma membrane

A

1) passive transport

2) active transport

43
Q

Passive transport

A

Finish

44
Q

Active transport

A

Finish

45
Q

Does hydrophilic love or hate water?

A

Hydrophilic hates water and repels from it (looks like sperm)

46
Q

Does hydrophobic love or hate water?

A

Loves water

47
Q

Lysosomes contain what kind of enzymes

A

Digestive enzymes

48
Q

What is diffusion

A

When things spread out all over

49
Q

What is osmosis

A

It’s diffusion in a liquid, in or out of cell

Ex when cooking rice the liquid disappears into the rice making in fluffy and big

50
Q

Phospholipid

A

Glycerol molecule bonded to 2 fatty acids, main component of the cell membranes

51
Q

Triglyceride

A

A lipid molecule made of glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids linked by ester bonds

52
Q

3 differences between passive and active transport

A

Passive moves ions from high concentration to low with no metabolic energy, active moves them from low to high using metabolic energy. Active uses a ion pump to move them

Grade 12 BIO (4 decks)

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